Navegando por Autor "Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira"

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Uma análise dos efeitos da crise econômico-sanitária sobre o mercado de trabalho do Brasil e de Pernambuco sob a perspectiva de gênero
(2022-06-01) Veras, Beatriz Naira de Macedo; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2693334369580995
In the last two years, the whole world has experienced the corona virus pandemic that has affected the economy of several countries, including Brazil. Due to policies to combat the corona virus, such as social isolation and closure of productive activity, the job market was directly affected. The objective of this study is to analyze the indicators that demonstrate the vulnerability of the market from the comparison of conditions between males and females at the national level and in the state of Pernambuco. The analyzes are methodologically based on data from the Continuous PNAD, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and address the behavior and evolution of indicators such as: unemployed and underemployed due to insufficient hours worked, potential workforce, discouragement, expanded workforce , unemployment rate and combined unemployment rate and potential workforce from the first quarter of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2021, making it possible to compare the levels of the indicators before the advent of the pandemic and after the peak period. The results indicate that despite the recovery of the labor market, there is an inequality in terms of filling this market by men in relation to women, evidencing the precariousness of work for women both in the quarters before the peak of the corona virus crisis and in the later ones.
Análise fundamentalista e técnica: a importância do analista e do progresso tecnológico no processo de análise de investimentos
(2019) Silva, Diego de Oliveira; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607
This paper explores fundamentalist and technical analysis and the importance of the analyst and technological progress in the investiment analysis process, given the importance of the financial market in the process of optimal allocation of resources in the economy. To do this, through a bibliographic research, based on a narrative and integrative review, a descriptive analysis of the main aspects of each one of the investment analysis techniques was carried out. With emphasis, from the perspective of fundamentalist analysis, the analysis of economic scenario and the importance of accounting information, and from perspective of technical analysis, the main graphs and indicators and the importance of technology. In addition, the analyst's relevant role and technological progress were explained as significant factors for sucess in the successful implementation of techniques in investiment analysis. A brief approach has also been made regarding artificial intelligence and the advent of robot investor technology and how such technology has revolutionized the way we operate in the market and contributed to the effectiveness of the techniques. The discussion showed that balance and complementarity are the key to sucess in implementing investiment analysis methodologies, as well as the analyst and technology mutually contribute to optimizing the results achieved.
Comparação entre as atividades terceirizáveis em Pernambuco e na região Nordeste
(2023-09-05) Silva, Joab da; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607
Outsourcing is a subject that has been widely discussed in Brazil by specialists, mainly due to the changes that have occurred year after year, and, mainly since the biggest one, the Labor Reform of 2017. On one side of the spectrum is the employer , which tends to be in favor of changes and, on the other hand, the employee who does not seem to be in favor of the process since he envisions the loss of rights and the precariousness of working conditions. The objective of this work is to analyze whether workers who work in outsourced activities face worse working conditions and their probable consequences for their lives. In this sense, a comparative analysis is carried out between Pernambuco and the Northeast Region in order to find out whether workers who are in activities subject to outsourcing face worse conditions in their respective workplaces when compared to other workers. For that, it is based on the bibliographic survey and the use of secondary data that could present the situation of these two geographic units, a series of indicators commonly used to portray the precariousness of labor relations. The results found seem to indicate, initially, a list of outsourced occupations, usually those related to activities with a low level of education and low pay. There is an increase in the number of jobs generated in the two geographic units (3.55% in Pernambuco and 4.11% in the Northeast) and an increase in the balance of dismissals between 2018 and 2019 (5.20% in Pernambuco and 4 .78% in the Northeast), this last result can be explained by the high job turnover. In addition, as shown by the CAGED data (2018 and 2019), the concentration of the balances of jobs generated occurs in the secondary education categories, with the highest percentage and incomplete primary education regardless. And this behavior is repeated for all years of the sample. Furthermore, the percentage of participation in all educational categories remains stable over time. It is also noted that there is a greater movement of employment among non-outsourced workers than among outsourced workers, both in the Northeast and in Pernambuco. And in terms of average salary, jobs employed in outsourced activities in Pernambuco had an average salary higher than that of the Northeast Region by 3.18%. Note that the turnover rate is higher among outsourced workers and this is true for all years in the sample. With regard to length of employment, over the years there has been a slight oscillation of the indicator among outsourced workers and data indicate that length of employment among outsourced workers is slightly higher than that of nonoutsourced workers.
Crédito, endividamento e inadimplência no Brasil: uma análise para o período de 2013 a 2023
(2023-09-11) Lima, Renato Oliveira Lopes de; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7185808287510736
This monograph aimed to analyze the evolution of credit, debt and default in Brazil between 2013 and 2023, and highlight the benefits of financial education. To achieve this objective, the methodology used was bibliographical research and secondary data obtained from the Consumer Debt and Default Survey (Peic). The literature review shows that there was an expansion of credit during this period, stimulating the consumption of Brazilian families. This increase in consumption resulted in excessive debt. The data showed that the level of family debt grew during this period, reaching a record percentage in 2022. The research also showed that the families most affected by default are those with lower incomes and those with a low educational level. Furthermore, data from the International Student Assessment Program (Pisa) showed that Brazil had the worst performance among the participating countries, in which 53% of Brazilian students were below the minimum level of financial knowledge. Financial education is the process of learning and developing skills to deal with money intelligently and responsibly and manage investments, loans and financing. Therefore, the lack of financial education in Brazil has a direct impact on the lack of control over the debts of Brazilian families. Therefore, financial education is an important tool for people to acquire financial skills and effectively manage their finances, resulting in a reduction in excessive debt and default.
Efeito da Olimpíada de Matemática das Escolas Públicas (OBMEP) e das redes de amizade em atividades acadêmicas nas escolas públicas do Recife
(2021-07-23) Nascimento, Vitor Henrique Gomes do; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; Raposo, Isabel Pessoa de Arruda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2886384626788723; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2718733201822213
The Brazilian Public School Math Olympics (Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas, or OBMEP) is a competition that has held yearly since 2005, with the goal of identifying talented students and to improve basic education. In this paper we use longitudinal data to evaluate the OBMEP’S impact on the amount of hours that students report to have dedicated to studying, how often they have been absent from class, and how often they answer their mathematics homework.We use a difference in differences approach combined with propensity score analysis, the results shows that proximity to a participant in OBMEP’s later phase causes a statistically significant increase on the amount of hours students dedicate to study and on how often they answer their homeworks, it also shows a decrease in how often students are absent from class.
Efeitos econômicos e financeiros das perdas não-técnicas de energia elétrica da distribuidora Light: estudo de caso
(2024-07-26) Nascimento, Rozyelayny; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607
This work presents an economic and financial analysis of the impact of non-technical losses in the electricity sector, focusing on a case study on the distributor Light S/A. Non-technical losses represent a significant challenge for distributors, being strongly influenced by socioeconomic factors. The Rio de Janeiro market was chosen due to its significant rates of energy theft and the complexity involved. Such aspects raise concerns among investors in the sector, which, despite being attractive, faces considerable challenges. To investigate this situation, a survey was carried out in relation to scientific production on the subject and a financial analysis of the accounting indicators of the distributor Light SA, a high level of debt and low capacity to honor its obligations were verified, the current situation These indicators serve as a warning to the company's investors.
Fintech: panorama do setor bancário brasileiro
(2021-07-23) Vidal, Luiz Felipe de Araújo; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7756851180127961
This monograph intends to present the panorama of Fintechs in the Brazilian banking sector, known as the Fintech Revolution. That is, it plans to assemble a panorama of fintechs in the Brazilian banking system, and to do so, it is necessary to present the benefits of the new resolution supporting the operation of financial startups, RCMN 4,656 of 2018 and show how this regulation affects the possible paths of digital credit and/or financing banks. In addition, it is also intended to explore the case of Banco Intermedium in its pioneering role among startups on the stock exchange and what this may represent in terms of future prospects for the sector in question, since it was a physical bank in 100% of its operations that now operates digitally in 100% of them. The methodology adopted in this monograph unfolds between the survey of bibliographic material and the analysis of secondary data in order to, more specifically, survey and describe the process of emergence of the currency, its contextualization, theoretical basis and importance to society and, thus, obtain an overview of traditional banks, aiming to draw a perspective on their problems that somehow led to the emergence and growth of financial Fintechs based on the digital medium.
Impacto das extensões do Programa de Aprendizagem na Idade Certa (Mais Paic) na redução da desigualdade educacional
(2025-02-26) Silva, Vinícius Mergulhão da; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5063813603587182
Esta monografia busca realizar uma análise através do método de diferenças e diferenças, levando em considerações os efeitos das extensões das políticas públicas do Programa de Aprendizagem na Idade Certa, com foco no MAIS PAIC, no nível de aprendizagem. Utilizou-se como base os dados e resultados do IDeA, índice de desigualdades e aprendizagens, além de informações detalhadas dos municípios e estrutura das escolas públicas de cada um deles. Para a elaboração da base de dados e resultados foram considerados os resultados da prova de matemática do 9º ano do ensino fundamental, considerando a tríade de prova dos anos de 2013 e 2017, conforme elaboração pelo IDeA.
A independência do Banco Central e a inflação: uma análise da relação entre autonomia e estabilidade de preços no Brasil
(2025-02-26) Bandeira, João Pedro de Melo; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8227603670360507
This monograph aims to test the theory of Central Bank Independence. To this end, it seeks to evaluate the possible relationships between BACEN independence and relevant economic variables, especially inflation. The main focus is to examine whether there is a relationship between greater autonomy of the monetary authority and price stability. An Ordinary Least Squares model was applied for the period between 1995 and 2024 and found signs that higher levels of turnover may be associated with higher inflation, when using turnover as a proxy for the degree of real independence. However, there does not appear to be a relationship between inflation and the Central Bank's legal independence index (BCI) for the Brazilian data, which may indicate that the institution's formal autonomy, although essential for economic predictability and the credibility of monetary policy, does not, by itself, guarantee inflation control. Another important aspect is that the Brazilian case tends to show that the stability of monetary policy and the independence of the Central Bank are relevant factors for a predictable economic environment, but insufficient to contain inflation if they are not accompanied by a responsible fiscal policy and a favorable macroeconomic context.
Indicador de Desigualdades e Aprendizagens (IDeA): uma análise do estado de Pernambuco
(2023-04-28) Silva, Déborah Cristina Saldanha Amorim; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9164994279562652
Investigating Brazil's educational system, it is evident that there is unequal access and quality of education provided to different social groups. This study seeks to explore the state of educational equity in the state of Pernambuco, utilizing the Indicator of Inequalities and Learning (IDeA) as a tool. Specifically, the study proposes an analysis of results obtained from 2011 to 2017, segmented by socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and gender, with an emphasis on NSE. This analysis will help to illustrate the extent of inequality across the mesoregions of the state. Furthermore, the study will examine possible underlying causes of this inequality through panel data analysis.
Mercado de trabalho brasileiro: um olhar sobre a reforma trabalhista e tendências à precarização laboral
(2019) Oliveira, Twanny Emmanuelly Gomes de; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1004688459755776
The legislation responsible for the organization of the Brazilian labor relations system has been suffered, over the years, a series of modifications with the aim of adapting the standards to the needs in vogue in the market. The most recent of those is the law nº 13.467/2017, effective since November 11, 2017 It's responsible for changing about 10% of the existing standards in the consolidation of labourite laws (CLT). The effects of the new law aren't still well known by scholars in the area, once, besides the short interval of time for the actual measurement of the possible results, Brazil has been undergone successive crises in all spheres, mainly, in economics politics. Therefore, the following study looked for investigate indications of precariousness in work relations, confronting them with the possible results of the 2017 reform. Encouraged, for this reason, the discussion, of form to analyze the modifications suffered by CLT, seeking to understand the dimensions of these modifications, by means of journalistic and academic rescue, evidencing a new economic and social context of the work market, as well as the recent data for the new contracting modalities, intermittent and part-time, created by the current reform. For this purpose, a narrative review methodology is used, mainly with regard to the theoretical basis, accompanied by a descriptive analysis of a series of indicators on the labor market, based on indicators from three main sources, namely Employees and Unemployed - CAGED, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE and Institute of Applied Economic Research - IPEA. The analysis shows an increase in the proportion of unemployed per working time, an increase in underemployment rates and underutilization of the workforce, a decrease in first-time employment and an increase in informality between the periods of 2012.1 and 2018.3. For intermittent and part-time contracts, the scenario is low in hiring, low wages, an increase in the number of under-age employees, as well as little or no need for specialization in the number of vacancies generated. The results show that there are indications that the jobs generated after the mentioned reform did not contribute positively to the already precarious scenario in the country. However, it is necessary to recognize the possibility of worsening the current situation, in addition to the Labor Reform, given the uncertainties of the Brazilian market arising from the aforementioned crises. The results show that there are indications that the jobs created after the reform did not contribute positively to the precarious scenario that exists today in the country. However, is necessary to recognize the possibility of worsening the current situation, in addition to the labor reform, given the uncertainties of the Brazilian market arising from the aforementioned crises.
Nusinersena (Spinraza) na intervenção da atrofia muscular espinhal tipo I versus ausência de tratamento medicamentoso sob a ótica do custo-efetividade: uma revisão sistemática
(2021-06-18) Barros, Arao Vargas dos Santos; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7578625933293067
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a rare and devastating disease for which new disease-modifying drugs have recently been approved by the world's leading regulatory agencies. Given the growing importance of economic considerations in evaluating the incorporation of health technologies into Brazilian’s public health system, this review summarizes the studies that assess the cost-effectiveness of type I SMA and the economic evaluations of treatments via Nusinersen versus conventional treatment. A systematic literature review in Medline via PubMed, Lilacs via BVS and SciELO up to December 31, 2020 was conducted in accordance with PRISMA’s guidelines. The methodology allowed to clearly identify the cost-effective relationship of treatment based only on supportive therapy versus drug treatment via Nusinersen. It wa concluded that drug treatment is not cost-effective in relation to supportive therapy, but it brings favorable clinical, financial, and psychological benefits to the patient and their families. Studies focusing on health technology assessments are still quite scarce, therefore, they lack more in-depth research in this area, where resources are insufficient and, therefore, absorb a large part of the government budget.
Reforma trabalhista e startups: desafios e perspectivas para a promoção da eficiência no Brasil
(2021-02-05) Pereira, Fabrícia Suziane Felix; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2691613604658753
The monograph seeks traces of the relationship between Labor Reform in Brazil, the emergence and development of innovative companies and startups. The investigation focused on data on the evolution of the segment of start-ups in Brazil, especially after the current implementation of new labor standards, which allowed new contractual forms and consequently easier association of labor agreements with the demand of each segment in the market. The methodology used in this study was exploratory, descriptive with bibliographic and data surveys about the start-ups in the world and in Brazil. The results show that regulatory changes contribute to employment generation in start-ups and institutions in general.
Relação entre atividades terceirizáveis, precarização, saúde e segurança no trabalho na região Nordeste do Brasil
(2021-02-23) Gomes, Júlia Leti da Silva; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9190493295244528
The outsourcing of work in Brazil is developing during many discussions from various theoretical assumptions. Because of this, we question what potential relationships can exist between outsourcing and the health and safety of workers in Northeastern Brazil. Starting from the hypothesis that outsourcing can directly influence the worker's quality of life, it becomes relevant how this occurs. Therefore, this work seeks to analyze whether outsourced workers face worse labor health and safety conditions in the Northeast. The methodology is a survey of bibliographical material and an analysis of secondary data. Observes that the outsourcing process has a gradual increase in admissions in environments/activities not previously explored by the process, but there has also been an increase in dismissals among outsourced. These two aspects result in the rise of employee turnover and the low permanence of the same in their positions. These characteristics bring to the psychological elements negative feelings that can result in labor pathologies. Accidents at work in the outsourced population are higher than in the non-outsourced population. Psychological pathologies, which make the employee unhealthy and unviable, must also be considered making the consequences for society as a whole even bigger. It is also noted that in the northeastern labor market the outsourcing process seems to reinforce signs of job precariousness and the worker who is absorbed into these parameters does not have the same favoritism and recognition as an employee hired directly by the company or institution.
A relação entre os gastos públicos com saúde e indicadores de qualidade de vida no Brasil
(2021-12-13) França Filho, André Luiz de; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7479589885504865
The concept of quality of life is closely linked to health, and recently the difficulties faced by the Covid-19 pandemic revealed the weaknesses of the public health system in Brazil. The objective of this study is to analyze the Pearson correlation coefficient between public spending on health and quality of life indicators, in order to attest the intensity and meaning of these correlations. The proposal is to briefly present the evolution of public health financing in Brazil, as well as the structuring of the Unified Health System (SUS), as well as the main indicators of quality of life, its methodologies, definitions and data. The indicators used were: Human Development Index, Municipal Human Development Index, Gini Index, GDP per capita, Life Expectancy at Birth and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). At the end of the study, it was verified that only the Gini Index is not correlated with public health expenditures. The IMR has a moderate correlation and is the only indicator to show an inverse correlation. The Municipal Human Development Index and Life Expectancy at Birth show a moderate and positive correlation, while the remaining indicators, Human Development Index and GDP per capita, show a very strong and positive correlation.
Relação entre saneamento básico e indicadores de saúde: panorama Brasil, Nordeste e Pernambuco
(2019) Lins, Julia Camila de Barros; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607
Mortality indicators have improved considerably in recent decades. From 2016, however, the movement became the reverse and mortality rates showed a growth trend. These facts coincide with the stagnation of investment in sanitation. The present study proposes to provide a temporal overview of the current sanitation and health conditions in three geographic units: Brazil, Northeast and Pernambuco. Thus, one can also investigate whether there is a correlation between sanitation and health indicators. This panorama was constructed from data from IBGE, SNIS and DATASUS, between the years 2006-2016. It was verified by the analysis made the stagnation in the investment in sanitation and persistent deficit in the coverage of sanitary sewage throughout the country. At the same time, mortality rates due to morbidity, which were falling significantly until 2008, have since been unevenly trajectory in all geographic units studied. Finally, the recent epidemic of arbovirosis and the prevalence of diarrheal diseases as agents of infant mortality point to a possible correlation between basic sanitation and health.
A relação entre saúde e saneamento básico a partir do papel das tarifas sociais
(2023-04-26) Nascimento, Jacielle Pauline Lima do; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8959440966860066
In Brazil, public authorities face difficulties in ensuring the universalization of sanitation services, which mainly affects economically vulnerable families. In Pernambuco, it is no different, as its capital presents great challenges in providing continuous service of treated water supply, exacerbating the social inequalities present in the region. Thus, the objective of this work is to portray the correlation between health and sanitation, highlighting the role of subsidy policies in meeting the goals of universalizing services. In addition, it presents studies on the entry of private initiatives in the sanitation sector, which is one of the proposals of the new regulatory framework for basic sanitation in the country. However, the privatization of sanitation services is strongly criticized by experts, given the negative experiences in other countries, where several concessions were terminated due to the precariousness of services and the tariff increases felt by users. In this scenario, social tariffs emerge as an important tool to ensure access to basic sanitation services for low-income populations. However, this research pointed out the need for a review of the social tariff model that allocates the entire low-income population to a single group, ignoring their consumption specificities. In this sense, it is essential to conduct new studies regarding the tariff structure, especially regarding subsidy policies, aimed at ensuring continuous access to sanitation services for poor users.
Terceirização e precarização do trabalho em Pernambuco: uma análise das condições de trabalho de atividades terceirizáveis entre 2014 e 2019
(2023-09-05) Moura, Marcelo Henrique Barbosa de; Gomes, Sónia Maria Fonseca Pereira Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795791528582607
Outsourcing is a phenomenon that has been widely debated in Brazil, both in academic circles and in political and social contexts. Critics of outsourcing argue that it can bring disadvantages to the labor system by somehow contributing to labor precariousness, the loss of labor rights, as well as an increase in workplace accidents and occupational diseases. They also question the legality and morality of outsourcing core activities, which may constitute a way to circumvent employment relationships and labor obligations. This monograph aims to investigate the relationship between outsourcing and labor precariousness in Pernambuco, considering the hypothesis that outsourcing can harm jobs and weaken them. To do so, a methodology of bibliographic analysis and secondary data was used, allowing for a historical and theoretical overview of outsourcing in Brazil and worldwide, as well as an empirical analysis of occupations and activities that are typically outsourced, the occupational and salary profile of outsourced workers, and the situation of work absences due to accidents or illnesses. It was found that for workers engaged in activities with a higher likelihood of outsourcing, the outsourcing process appear to have brought disadvantages such as labor conditions precariousness and may have contributed in some way to wage inequality, in addition to indicating greater exposure to instability and insecurity for workers engaged in those activities.