Navegando por Autor "Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira"

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Diversidade de invertebrados do solo em sistema agroflorestal e diferentes ambientes sucessionais em floresta ombrófila densa
(2024-02-16) Souza, João Matheus Ferreira de; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; Almeida, Débora de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795066247076929; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7784879810259175
Studies on soil fertility and soil fauna diversity in agroforestry systems are of fundamental importance to prove the efficiency of these sustainable production models associated with the recovery of degraded areas. This work aims to evaluate correlations between soil fauna diversity and soil fertility in an agroforestry system and areas of native forest at initial and intermediate stages of forest succession. The study was conducted in the campus area of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, located in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco. Three sites with different land use histories were used: an area at an intermediate stage of forest succession (A1), a 3-year-old agroforestry system (A2), and an area at an initial stage of forest succession (A3). Pitfall traps were used to capture the soil invertebrate community. The captured organisms were identified, classified into taxa, and subsequently sent for analysis. Soil collection covered the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers in each study area. The samples underwent chemical analysis. Data on soil meso- and macrofauna were used to calculate abundance, relative frequency, richness, Pielou's evenness indices, Shannon's diversity, and Simpson's diversity. Hill's true diversity components (qD) were estimated for each environment. Data analysis also included exploratory analysis with NMDS, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), Pearson correlation matrix, agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis (HAC), principal component analysis (PCA), and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). A total of 2,232 individuals distributed in 18 taxonomic groups were identified. Overall, regardless of land use, the most representative groups were Hymenoptera: Formicidae (37.46%), Acarina (21.10%), Collembola (15.86%), and Diptera (9.68%). Together, these groups represented 84% of the individuals collected in this study. The agroforestry area showed greater richness, the area of initial forest succession showed greater abundance in groups, and the area at an intermediate stage of succession showed greater diversity. Although the agroforestry area had greater richness, the estimated diversity was lower compared to the area of initial forest succession. Soil chemical analysis showed differences between the areas, influencing fauna distribution. Similarity in fauna composition was observed between the agroforestry area and the initial forest succession, highlighting the influence of soil chemical attributes on soil fauna. It is concluded that the study of soil fauna has the potential to be used as an indicator of soil quality, as it is sensitive to environmental interference.
Influência do monocultivo de pau-brasil (Paubrasilia echinata Lam E. Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Fabaceae) na regeneração e fauna edáfica em área de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco
(2023-09-21) Nogueira, Natália Dias Guerra; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1735222852823675
Restoration processes of tropical forests can be conducted through the planting of native species in degraded areas caused by human activities, aiming for the gradual reconstruction of a dynamic and biodiverse ecosystem. However, little is known about the performance of a native species planted in a monocultural model for restoration purposes. Based on this principle, the objective of this research was to assess the influence of the monocultural system with Paubrasilia echinata on the regeneration flora and soil fauna in the understory of a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest environment in Pernambuco. For this purpose, two areas were selected: one in passive restoration with a plantation of Pau-Brasil aged over 50 years (BPB), and an adjacent Native Forest (MN) area used as a control area, both within a protected area of the Tapacurá Ecological Station, an advanced campus of UFRPE. A survey of natural regeneration and soil fauna was conducted as ecological indicators in both areas, with a total of 6 plots measuring 600m² each. For regeneration, tree individuals with a Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) of up to 15cm and a minimum height of 1m were measured, identified to the species level, and classified by origin, dispersal syndrome, and ecological groups. Richness was determined by the species list, and diversity was assessed using Shannon-Weaver Diversity Indices, Simpson's Dominance, and Pielou's Evenness. The species were analyzed both horizontally and in 3 height classes. To evaluate the soil fauna, pitfall traps were used, 9 in each area, the collected organisms were screened and identified, when possible, at order level. The analysis of the edaphic fauna was made through the ANAFAU program, which provides ecological indexes and information on the structure of the community. The results of the ecological indexes of the two indicators were compared by the Hutcheson t test in the PAST program. As a result, in natural regeneration the area of MN presented greater richness and higher values of diversity and equability, while the area of BPB presented higher dominance due to the superior and expressive presence of individuals in regeneration of the species. There was a significant statistical difference for the diversity and dominance of natural regeneration among the studied areas. In both areas it was observed a greater number of zoochoric species and highlight to the ecological group of early secondary. Only in the area of MN there were records of exotic species. Individuals were observed in the three height classes in both areas, being the MN with the highest number of species with this representation. Regarding the edaphic fauna, higher values of abundance in the BPB area and greater richness in the MN area were verified, and the soil fauna diversity was similar between the areas. The orders Collembola, Hymenoptera and Diptera were highlighted for the two areas. The order Orthoptera was found in greater abundance and frequency in the BPB area. Therefore, the monoculture of Brazilwood has been negatively influencing the stratum of natural regeneration in questions of plant diversity and has been affecting the proportion of some groups of soil fauna.
Levantamento da fauna apícola em monocultivo de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) em área de Caatinga no Agreste pernambucano
(2021) Silva, Isabela Nascimento; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6582276513482324
Due to the semi-arid climate characteristics, the Caatinga biodiversity presents a rich diversity of plant and animal life. Within this wealth, native bees stand out, which play an important role in the balance of forest ecosystems. Thus, the objective of the present work was to carry out a survey of the apicultural fauna in areas of sable cultivation and native vegetation of Caatinga in the rural region of Pernambuco. The research was carried out at the experimental station of the Instituto Agronomic° de Pernambuco - IPA, municipality of Caruaru, Pernambuco. The study was carried out during the months of December 2020 and January 2021 in two areas of Caatinga equidistant 30 m from each other, one planted with thrush (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) and the other with native vegetation. In each area, two 10 m x 10 m transects were drawn for the installation of traps. Two models of traps were installed, one with a bottle using scent essences (vanilla and methyl salicylate) and another with yellow Pantraps, in which the attractiveness is based on color. 29 individuals of bees distributed in three genera were catalogued. Of these, two were identified at the genus level (Trigona sp., Bombus sp.) and one at the species level (Apis melifera scutellata). Pantraps did not attract any insect considered to be a bee, regardless of the area or period of collection. A higher frequency of bees was observed in the dry period compared to the rainy period. In the sabia area there was greater visitation by bees (82% of the individuals) and greater preference for visitation after using the methyl salicylate essence (79% of the individuals), however the vanilla essence was efficient in attracting them. It is concluded that the method of collecting bees using scent traps in the Caatinga environment of the Pernambuco agreste proved to be efficient when using vanilla and methyl salicylate essences, the latter being the most effective in attracting these insects. The modifications that occurred in the monoculture of Sabia in the Caatinga environment did not negatively influence the diversity of bees, when compared to the area of native forest in the region, with similar diversity being observed in both areas.
Levantamento populacional de coleobrocas associadas a espécies florestais sob monocultivo em Goiana - PE
(2023-09-15) Lima, Paloma Richelle dos Santos; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3119218064534593
In forest environments, whether natural or cultivated, there is always the chance of harmful insect species occurring. However, coleoborers stand out, which act as pests, whose knowledge of the damage caused to forests and wood is extremely important in some cultivated forest species. In this sense, the study aimed to understand the diversity and measure the population fluctuation of coleoborer insects in three forest plantations in Zona da Mata Norte Pernambucana. The forest plantations with the species Eucaliptus spp, Mimosa caesalpinifolia and Hevea brasiliensis are located at the Experimental Station of the Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA) of Itapirema, in the municipality of Goiana, in the Zona da Mata Norte of the state of Pernambuco. The insects were collected using aerial interception traps, model Carvalho 47, installed at three sampling points in each forest plantation. They were then transported to the Forest Protection Laboratory of the Forest Science Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco for identification. 276 individuals were collected, grouped into three families/subfamilies (Bostrichidae, Cerambycidae and Scolytinae). A predominance of individuals from the Scotylinae family was observed (86.23%), occurring in the three plantations. Although in smaller numbers, the Cerambycidae family also occurred in different areas. Regarding population fluctuation, in the first week of collection the largest number of species was collected, 34 in the Hevea brasiliensis planting, 31 in the Eucaliptus spp planting and 14 in the Mimosa caesalpinifolia planting. The fluctuation of insects in the planting of Eucaliptus spp was decreasing. However, in the cultivation of Hevea brasiliensis, there was a significant reduction in the third week, with the collection of only eight individuals. While there was a reduction in Sabiá planting, in the second and third week, respectively. The results suggest that factors such as the age of trees, their specific characteristics and environmental conditions play important roles in population fluctuation and interactions between coleoptera entomofauna and trees.
Ocorrência de coleobrocas em área em processo de restauração florestal em fragmento de Mata Atlântica nordestina
(2021-12-07) Silva, Karina Maria da; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4109193403596589
Insects have a great capacity to adapt to environmental changes, being the group of animals with the greatest abundance and richness of species on the globe. The Atlantic Forest is an important biome with a rich diversity of phytophysiognomies, but today it is in an accelerated process of degradation, requiring forest restoration actions, as well as knowledge and monitoring of insects occurring in the biome, which can be used as bioindicators of advance succession. The present work had as objective to know the diversity of beetroot insects in a fragment of Dense Ombrophilous Forest under restoration, in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest. The study was carried out in a fragment under the domain of the Recife Botanical Garden, in an area under restoration and in an area of preserved native forest adjacent to the first. The survey of insects was carried out in September and December 2019, using the Carvalho 47-type ethanol aerial intercept trap, installed at a height of 1.5 meters from the ground. Insects were collected using traps in transects that crossed the two areas, comprising the sense of restored area - border - preserved native forest, with 8 sampling points in each transect. In the two collections, 649 arthropods were captured, belonging to 6 orders, with greater abundance of insects of the order Coleoptera, mainly coleoborcas from the families Cerambycidae, Bostrichidae and Curculionidae (Scolytinae and Platypodinae). The family Curculionidae had the highest number of individuals collected, followed by the family Cerambycidae. The conserved native forest area had a greater amount of beetle borers when compared to the restoration area, due to the fragmentation of the environment. It is necessary to continue collecting in the other months of the year to understand the population dynamics of these groups of insects and understand the influence of the environment on their distribution, as well as the continuity of the forest restoration process in the disturbed environment for the local balance of these populations.
Uso de armadilha atrativa na captura de Rhynchophorus palmarum (L) em plantio de dendê na Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco
(2024-03-08) Santana, Alisson Gomes de; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8309879042134974