Navegando por Assunto "Caatinga"

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Agrofloresta para convivência com o semiárido: a experiência da Agrodóia Exu - PE
(2018-08) Paiva, Mauro; Figueiredo, Marcos Antonio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4886000173439874; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7825106109701814
Análise da distribuição espacial do índice de umidade do solo em regiões semiáridas a partir de dados de sensoriamento remoto
(2019-11-26) Santos, Jadiene Moura dos; Silva, Emanuel Araújo; Oliveira, Cinthia Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8148643000907549; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2765651276275384; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5414923091157764
Soil moisture represents a fraction of water that is at a surface level of the earth where there is interaction with the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. It is a fundamental variable in the functioning of several processes that act in the terrestrial system, besides characterizing the desertification of semiarid and arid regions. This course conclusion work aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of the soil moisture index in a dry tropical forest area, in the city of Floresta/PE, through orbital images. The methodology was applied for four distinct dates (11/21/15, 11/23/16, 12/12/17 and 11/13/18) and data processing to obtain the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Surface Temperature (Ts) and Soil Moisture Index (IUS) were performed using Qgis software. In addition, the time series of the annual precipitation of the municipality of Floresta / PE were classified into dry, normal or rainy years, using the quantile method and the monthly precipitation analysis in relation to the climatological normals from 2015 to 2018, using the data obtained from the APAC website. Finally, the point cloud distribution was distributed between IUSxNDVI and IUSxTs. The results showed that the classification from 1999 to 2018 eight years behaved as normal and six years as dry and rainy, where the values for dry years ranged from 149.50 to 349.20mm, the normal ones from 392.70 to 538.1mm and the rainy ones from 559.10 to 750.60mm. For the years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the accumulated monthly precipitation values were 223.00mm, 395.10mm, 399.20mm and 653.50mm, respectively. The NDVI values in exposed soil plus thin vegetation ranged from 0.124 to 0.323, in arboreal vegetation between 0.351 to 0.649 and in surrounding water bodies -0.072. At surface temperature, minimum values of 23.80 ° C and maximum values of 44.93 ° C were found. For the soil moisture index, 0.240 were found in exposed soil and thin vegetation, 0.417 to 0.746 in tree vegetation and 0.821 in water. In the distribution of the IUS point cloud with NDVI and Ts biophysical parameters, it was observed that 2015 and 2016 had no pixels in the negative NDVI region and Ts pixels were above 40 ° C. On the other hand, in 2017 and 2018 due to the presence of water there was a reduction in Ts, where most pixels were below 40 ° C. The Quantis method allowed to identify in an interval of twenty years an irregular pattern between years classified as dry, normal and rainy. The monthly precipitation of the four showed great variability in relation to the climatological normal of the municipality. The NDVI allowed to identify the presence of water bodies, exposed soil with herbaceous and arboreal vegetation in the farm Itapemirim / PE. The achievement of low surface temperature values on the imaged dates is associated with high NDVI and soil moisture values. IUS values were lower in exposed soil and more expressive in water and under tree vegetation, due to the rapid response of dry tropical forests during the rainy season during the imaging date. Point cloud distribution showed increasing behavior for IUSxNDVI and inverse for IUSxTs.
Aspectos do crescimento da Baraúna (Schinopsis brasiliensis Engel.), em diferentes contextos de intervenções antrópicas, na comunidade da Mata Redonda em Triunfo – PE.
(2022-05-27) Santos, Natália Alves; Barros Júnior, Genival; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4379675294862211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4530134000429562
The Caatinga vegetation has a very peculiar characteristic, which makes it unique and, unfortunately, due to anthropic actions, a considerable portion of this biome is in extinction and another portion is threatened with extinction. Among the endangered plant species is the Baraúna (Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.), one of the most important trees in the Caatinga, considered a noble tree due to the characteristics present in its wood. Given this situation, research actions aimed at preventing the extinction of the Baraúna species are shown to be of great importance for the preservation of biodiversity in the Caatinga Biome. However, there are still few studies aimed at rescuing and protecting the dynamics of this important species in the Caatinga vegetation. Thus, the objective of the present work was to study the initial behavior and to relate the growth rates of Baraúna plants introduced in areas under different impacts arising from agricultural management over time in environmental conditions of high-altitude swamp. 10 The experiment was carried out in a Random Block Design - DBC, in an 11 x 3 arrangement (11 baraúna plants in 3 different areas of human intervention) area 1- degraded soil; area 2- arable soil; area 3- agroforestry system, carried out from October 2021 to March 2022. Soils were collected for analysis, rainfall data, luminosity data, soil cover and monthly biometric readings. In area 1, the soil was classified as sandy clay, compacted, low rate of living and dead cover, accentuated presence of erosive processes, high presence of luminosity and average growth of baraúnas when compared to the other areas; area 2- clay soil, compacted, high presence of living cover, medium presence of mulch, presence of erosive processes, high level of luminosity and it was the area in which the plants showed the highest growth in terms of stem diameter as in vertical growth; and in area 3 soil classified as sandy clay loam, not compacted, high index of living and dead cover, punctual erosion processes, low luminosity and slow growth of baraúnas. The baraúna plants are demanding in light, requiring full exposure of the canopy of their canopy to solar radiation to ensure a satisfactory development of the individuals of their species. The reintroduction of the species Schinopsis brasiliensis in the ecosystem of highland swamps is recommended due to its ecological, environmental and anthropological importance for the enrichment of local biodiversity.
Asteraceae medicinais ocorrentes no estado de Pernambuco
(2021) Oliveira Neto, Edilton Vital de; Carvalho, Rejane Rodrigues da Costa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3307316028992311; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2968424927171398
The use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines is considered an important practice to maintain the health of different social classes. In rural areas, residents often depend directly on available plant resources for their livelihoods. The Asteraceae family is considered the largest existing family of angiosperms, comprising about 25.000 species, many of them with medicinal potential. In this context, the present work had as objective the description of ten species of medicinal Asteraceae occurring in the Caatinga of the state of Pernambuco. The species studied were: Acanthospermum hispidum DC; Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC; Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass; Ageratum conyzoides L; Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker; Eclipta prostrata (L.) L; Egletes viscosa (L.) Less; Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera; Verbesina macrophylla (Cass.) S.F. Blake; and Vernonia polyanthes Less. The species were first described as to their morphology through the analysis of exsiccates and their different parts were illustrated. A literature review was also carried out to describe its main medicinal properties. In this way, we sought to contribute to the knowledge of medicinal species occurring in the Caatinga, especially those belonging to the Asteraceae family, thus facilitating their identification and use by the population.
Avaliação da criação de unidades de conservação na Caatinga
(2020-11-06) Silva, Alex Carlos Ramos; Silva, Edgar Alberto do Espírito Santo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7405327016978544; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0807400894539610
The priority areas for conservation are one of the instruments of public policy aimed at making decisions and measures that are appropriate for the conservation of ecosystems. It is the identification of areas for the implementation of measures such as the creation of Conservation Units. This work aimed to analyze whether the Conservation Units created during the period of the 1st and 2nd update of priority areas for conservation have a larger area within priority areas whose main action was the creation of Conservation Units, as well as within priority areas with highest priority for action and biological importance. The data were analyzed and processed using the multiplatform geographic information system, QGIS 3.14. It was observed that the creation of Conservation Units is in part not following the established patterns of priority actions.
Bactérias do mel de abelhas sem ferrão (apidae: meliponini) com potencial antagônico a microrganismos patogênicos de interesse para saúde humana
(2021-12-13) Figueroa, Marcos Vinicius; Fernandes, Hélio de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6890648212766368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0173708664534934
Stingless bee colonies are a natural reservoir of microorganisms that may be present in honey, pollen and other microenvironments throughout the nest. Bees, like other social insects, have complex symbiotic interactions that, throughout evolution, provided an ecological interaction that helped preserve the hives, favouring the life of these insects and giving them a survival advantage. Several microorganisms associated with stingless bees, mainly sporulating bacteria of the Bacillus genus, produce substances that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms that contaminate and deteriorate the food stored in the hives. In this context, this work aimed to isolate bacteria from stingless bees of the apidae: meliponini group to verify the capacity of the microbiota against pathogenic microorganisms of interest to human health. In the antagonism test, samples of honey from Melipona asilvai with 10-1 to 10-4 dilutions were used, which were then submitted to hyperthermia in a water bath at 80˚C. Ten sporogenic bacterial morphotypes were selected and submitted to an antagonism test, but only six inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria with an inhibition halo ranging from 1 to 3 mm. Honey samples from M. subnitida, scaptotrigona sp and Friosiomelitta stored for more than two years and from Melipona asilvai showed absence of yeasts, filamentous fungi and thermotolerant total coliforms. All honey samples showed total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, in concentrations ranging from 2.9 x 104 a 9.79 x 104 CFU/g of honey. Although honey has high concentrations of sugars that inhibit microbial growth, several bacteria are able to resist high osmotic pressure and survive in this substrate, making it a natural reservoir of microorganisms that end up being beneficial to the colony and serving as a barrier against contaminating microorganisms.
Características estruturais do capim-corrente (Urochloa mosambicensis) submetido a diferentes manejos de corte
(2021-12-06) Santos, Eliane Rodrigues dos; Leite, Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204641633941814
Current grass (Urochloa mosambicensis) is a plant with high foraging potential in the Brazilian Semiarid region, as it has high tolerance, low water availability and grazing near ground level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity of current grass as a function of different cutting managements. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada Academic Unit. The design used was in randomized blocks, with four cutting heights (40, 30, 20 and 10 cm), and four replications. Initially, the current grass pasture area at UFRPE/UAST used for the implementation of the experiment was delimited with dimensions of 8.0 x 10.0 m, 80.0 m². Then, the uniform cutting of the grass was carried out in the entire experimental area. A paddock was inserted every 2.0 m in length and 2.0 m in width to divide each plot. During the experimental period, the monitoring of current grass growth was carried out, evaluating the following structural characteristics: leaf blade length and width, stem length and diameter, plant height, number of: tiller, live leaf, dead leaf, fully expanded living leaf, expanding living leaf, green matter and dry matter weight. After cutting, the plant material was collected and taken to the laboratory to determine the dry mass content of the morphological components. These evaluations were carried out in three consecutive growth cycles of current grass. It was verified for stalk length and tiller number that grass cut at 30 cm had the highest mean, when cut at 20 cm had the highest mean leaf blade length and green matter weight. It was found that the number of expanded leaves was greater when cutting at 10 cm in height, with 7.50 cm. The averages of plant height and number of senescent leaves were higher when the cut was performed at 40 cm. When compared to the other treatments, the stem diameter and leaf blade width were not statistically different regardless of the cutting intensity. During the evaluation period, it was found that the grass cut at 20 cm in height had better forage production averages.
Contribuição da condutância estomática de grupos funcionais de plantas lenhosas na condutância do dossel em vegetação de Caatinga
(2022-05-23) Jesus, Angela Lucena Nascimento de; Lima, André Luiz Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3425654823765293; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3432981548836565
The arboreal species of semiarid regions contribute in different ways to the cooling of the canopy, considering the diversity of species and functional groups of plants. Although the vegetation-atmosphere relationship is important from the point of view of climate change, studies evaluating the contribution of caatinga functional groups to the canopy conductance are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of the stomatic conductance of different functional groups of plants with the conductance of the canopy in Caatinga vegetation. The work was carried out in an area of the Caatinga, located in Fazenda Buenos Aires, Serra Talhada- PE. Two species of high wood density (WMD) and two species of low wood density (WDL) were evaluated. The meteorological data were obtained from a micrometeorological station installed in the study area and the canopy conductance was calculated. The stomatic conductance, leaf temperature and hydrous potential of xylem were evaluated. Stem samples were collected and anatomical structures of the xylem were measured. Analysis of variance of repeated measures and Tukey test with p < 0.05 were performed. Functional groups contributed differently to the canopy conductance. There was a positive relation of the canopy conductance and stomatal conductance (0.761). In the initial rainy season, the canopy conductance was 0.003 m s-1 , with the largest contribution to the canopy conductance occurring by the WMD species (150 mmol m-2 s -1 ). In the rainy season the species' stomatal conductance increased for WMD (100 to 300 mmol m-2 s -1 ) and WDL (200 to 300 mmol m-2 s -1 ). The canopy conductance also increased during the rainy season (0.02 and 0.05 m s-1 ). The water potential was higher for WDL (-1.2 MPa) and lower in WMD (-2.5 MPa) species. The WMD species presented greater amount of xylem vessels (58 mm-2 ) and wall thickness (16 ), and smaller diameter of the lumen of the xylem vessels (140 ). The WDL presented thin wall (9 ) and smaller amount of vessels (5 mm-2 ). These results show that, WMD species have strategies that favor the canopy conductance, even in the dry season, while WDL are more conservative and contribute to the canopy conductance in the rainy season. This study clarifies the importance of functional diversity for maintaining water and environmental balance in semi-arid regions, such as the Caatinga.
Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, em diferentes recipientes e doses de fertilizante misto
(2024-09-12) Souza, Thallyta Valentin dos Santos de; Freitas, Eliane Cristina Sampaio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7525975084334972; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1375547405957419
In 2022, Brazil suffered a neduction of 2.05 million hectares of native forest, the Caatinga biome, in tum, lost the equivalent of 140.637 hectares. This highlights the urgency of actions to curb environmental degradation and promote conservation. It is vital to invest in research on native forest species to fill technological gaps, meet the demand for seedlings and drive sustainable development. Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, a species native to Brazil, is a recommended option for recoverins degraded areas in the Caatinga. Therefore, the objective o£ this work is to evaluate the influence of the volumetric capacity of containers for the production of seedlings such as tubes and polyethylene bags, combined with different doses of NPK, on the growth and quality of seedlings of Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke. The study was carried out in the forest nursery of the Forestry Science Department of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), from November 2022 to March 2023. Three containers were tested for the production of seedlings: a 120 cm3 tube, a 280 cm3 and plastic bag of 3449 cm3 (20 cm x 30 cm) and four doses of NPK (4-14-8): 0; 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 Kg/m3. The analyzes of height and diameter of the stem were monitored monthly and a destructive analysis was performed at the end of the 120 days. The results indicated that the reduction in container volume caused a decrease in dry mass, diameter and height. Increasing NPK doses had a significant effect on recipient height and stem diameter. For the robustness index, the dose of 2 kg/m3 obtained the best performance. In view of the results, the use of polyethylene bags with the addition of 2 kg/m3 of NPK is recommended for the production of jurema branca seedlings.
Desempenho zootécnico de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação submetidos a diferentes programas de iluminação em ambientes climatizados
(2018) Lima, Adiel Vieira de; Holanda, Mônica Calixto Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373630020897826; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3278533468345906
The experiment was conducted in the Swine Sector of UFRPE / UAST. Twenty-seven piglets, castrated male and female, from Pietrain-Duroc matrices, with initial weight of 38.1 ± 4.2 kg were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, with 27 animals randomly distributed in nine bays with three air conditioning systems and three light supplementation programs, considering three replications per treatment. Feed and water were provided at will and the diets for each evaluation period were formulated with corn and soybean meal in order to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals (growth and finishing stages). The animals were weighed and housed in stalls with a ceramic tile roof, providing 6.0 m² of floor space, containing a semiautomatic type feeder and a pacifier-type waterer at a height of 40 cm from the ground in each bay. The pigs were weighed weekly and rations and leftovers were weighed daily (morning and afternoon) to evaluate performance parameters: weekly weight gain, total weight gain, daily feed intake and mean feed conversion. The performance parameters were analyzed using the SAS® GLM procedure and the comparison of the means, when necessary, were performed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. In the 30 to 50 kg (CRES I), 51 to 70 kg (CRES II) and 71 to 90 kg (TERM) phases, no interaction was observed between the light hours provided and the air conditioning systems (P> 0, 05) for daily ration consumption, daily weight gain and feed conversion. In the CRES I phasesthere was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the light hours provided nor in the air conditioning systems on the analyzed variables. In the CRES II phase there was a significant difference (P <0.05) for daily ration consumption in both light hours and in air conditioning systems. In the baits with forced ventilation (BV) the consumption was greater with the supply of 12 and 18 hours of light. In the bays with evaporative adiabatic cooling (BR), the feed intake was lower (P <0.05) as the light hours provided increased. In the bays with natural light (12 hours) feed consumption was higher in BV, followed by BR, being worse in the unventilated bay (BS) and there was no significant impact on weight gain and feed conversion. When evaluating feed conversion, a significant difference (P <0.05) was observed for light hours and for air conditioning systems. Regardless of the air conditioning systems, feed conversion of the animals worsened as the supply of artificial light increased. Taking into account the systems of climatization it was observed that only in the BR there was worsening in the feed conversion when 12 and 18 hours of light were provided. In the TERM phase the light hours did not influence any of the studied variables. The air conditioning systems did not influence (P> 0.05) the feed conversion rate of finishing pigs. However, the climatization systems influenced (P <0.05) the varying feed intake and daily weight gain. In the bays without air conditioning the feed consumption was lower. In BR the feed intake was higher than that observed in the bays with BV and BS. It was concluded that the climatic systems adopted and the light programs provided did not improve the performance of semen-reared pigs.
Diagnóstico ambiental por índices de vegetação no Parque Estadual Mata da Pimenteira no período chuvoso e seco
(2022-05-23) Rocha, Alessandro Higor Gomes da; Bezerra, Alan Cezar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3690303625468223; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372320248183121
Due to the monitoring needs, as well as the understanding of the vegetation conditions of the Mata da Pimenteira State Park, it was aimed to analyze vegetation indices generated with red and infrared bands, with Sentinel-2 images to verify the land cover in the rainy and dry period from 2016 to 2021. The study site is located in the municipality of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. The images were processed in Google Earth Engine to obtain a composition of the two periods studied, then, in QGIS software version 3.18.3 (Zurich), the vegetation indices (NDVI and VCI) were determined by raster calculator, a calculation tool available in Qgis that uses as a basis the values of the pixels of the layers. After obtaining the indices, the descriptive statistics of the images were obtained and classified using the r.recode tool, with subsequent counting of the vegetation classes by r.report, so that from this, the thematic map for the analysis and diagnosis of the study area was made. The results indicate higher average NDVI for 2016 and 2017 with 0.7 in the rainy period, and 0.36 in the dry one. The VCI had its highest average in 2016 with 86.04 and lowest in 2018 with 63.63. In the rainy period more than 90% of the area was composed of the high vegetation density with the NDVI and VCI of the very light class. In the dry period, most of the area was of the class "low vegetation density" by NDVI and "severe" by VCI.
Dinâmica do risco de incêndios sob efeito do El Niño em paisagem do bioma Caatinga em Petrolina - PE
(2023-02-17) Feitosa, Márcio Faustino; Silva, Emanuel Araújo; Souza, Ioneide Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0383867840261318; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2765651276275384; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7669915736150355
Remote sensing techniques have been used since the 1960s to work on a particular object or specific area. Over time, technologies have gained improvements and new software and high resolution satellites have emerged. The Landsat-8 satellite can capture scenes up to 705 km away from earth, with a percentage of 10% of clouds, these scenes can be processed and studied for a certain purpose, among these was the dynamics of fire risk under the effect of El Niño in landscape of the Caatinga Biome. Therefore, it is intended to study the vulnerability of Caatinga and the use of monitoring technologies. The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of El Niño on the dynamics of fire risk under the landscape of the Caatinga biome in Petrolina-PE, monitoring the risk of fire in relation to the severity of El Niño. Images of the Lansat-8 satellite in the municipality of Petrolina-PE were obtained from the USGS website. The following criteria were adopted for image selection: Data from 2015 to 2020, counting from August 1st to December 31st, at times when there are few precipitations, few clouds and high temperatures due to the warmer months. The tool in data processing was Qgis software, a free license software, indicated for those seeking high quality in academic work in the area of Remote Sensing. In the interval of these years, six fire risk maps were obtained. Togenerate the forest fire risk maps and adopted the AHP methodology, widely used by several authors. Where we obtained eight variables: hypsometric map, land use and occupation, slope orientation, slope, road system, precipitation, surface temperature and vegetation index of the normalized difference. According to the results, a temporal analysis of fire risks was obtained, proving that the years 2015 to 2018 had a continuous increase, and in 2019 and 2020 there was a fall in fire risk. Between these last years there was an El Niño and a La Niña and 2020 was the year that the pandemic occurred, that is, there were few transport flows on the highways, causing low risk of fires.
Dinâmica espaço-temporal da cobertura vegetal, das queimadas e da expansão da bovinocultura na bacia leiteira do estado de Pernambuco usando Landsat-8 e MapBiomas
(2022-12-12) Melo, Maria Vitória Neves de; Almeida, Gledson Luiz Pontes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2328849810614673; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8193771315370090
The semi-arid is responsible for about 58% of the effective herd in the Brazilian Northeast region (NEB), however, there are local and meteorological factors that limit the semi-arid region. The objective was to evaluate the space-time dynamics of vegetation cover through the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Pasture Plant Coefficient (CVP) via Landsat-8/OLI images processed in the cloud on Google Earth Engine (GEE), measuring the scenarios of burned areas and characterizing the expansion of cattle farming in the dairy basin in the state of Pernambuco through land use and cover (LULC) and its impacts on the Caatinga Biome. The study region comprises the 23 municipalities that produce the most milk in the state, between 2016 and 2021, divided into dry and rainy seasons. The Vegetation Indexes were processed in the GEE and the spatialization of the rain was made through the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CRHIRPS) and both data were submitted to descriptive statistics. LULC thematic maps and burned areas were processed in QGIS software. Thus, it was observed that in the dry and rainy period from 2016 to 2020, there was average precipitation of 77.98 mm and 331.19 mm, respectively. In the rainy season of 2016, less precipitation was observed when compared to the other years of the study, as it was the period that was influenced by the great droughts that preceded the year in question. As for the vegetation indices in the dry period, the SAVI presented lower spectral responses throughout the study period, as a result of low precipitation in the region and the rainy season with high biomass activity with values above 0.78. The SAVI and CVP showed medium to high variability. The burned areas showed that anthropic activities in some sectors of the basin caused the change in the LULC, resulting in degradation processes, even in regions with greater precipitation. Therefore, it is concluded that the analysis of the products CHIRPS, SAVI, CVP associated with the descriptive statistics and the maps of the LULC and burned area, was efficient for the space-time characterization of the expansion of cattle farming in the dairy basin of the state of Pernambuco throughout the study period.
Distribuição geográfica e status de conservação de espécies de Sebastiania spreng. (Euphorbiacea) endêmicas do Nordeste do Brasil
(2023-09-19) Magalhães, Thais Nunes; Melo, André Laurênio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0908553047440221; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6803077394499902
Sebastiania Spreng. is a Neotropical taxon that is part of Hippomaneae, a tribe that has around 33 genera and approximately 300 species. In Brazil, the center of diversity of the genus, it is represented by nine species (S. brasiliensis, S. brevifolia, S. jacobinensis, S. larensis, S. macrocarpa, S. pteroclada, S. riparia, S. subsessilis and S. trinervia of which seven are endemic. The genus is distributed in theextraAmazonian portion of the country, with most species occurring inseasonally dry forests, especially in the caatinga and semi-deciduous forests of the Southeast, Center-West and South, rarely in the Atlantic Forest and, it is common, to be found inthe banks of rivers and streams.The present study aimed to evaluate the geographic distribution of Sebastiania species endemic to Northeast Brazil. This work recorded 3 species distributed across the region's phytophysiognomies, all of which are endemic to the Brazilian Northeast. The species chosen were Sebastiania brevifolia, S. jacobinensis and S. macrocarpa. A data collection was carried out using speciesLink, with the purpose of generating spread sheets with the occurrence data of the selected species. With this data, a map was generated with all the geographic distributions of the selected species using QGIS model 2.18.28. The Northeast regions that presented the highest degree of richness in the number of specimens were Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará, followed bySergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. Among the species analyzed, S. macrocarpa was the one with the widest distribution, having records in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. Sebastiania jacobinensis was distributed in four states (Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará and Sergipe) and S. brevifolia was distributed in only three states (Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará). According to their conservation status according to IUCN (2019), S. brevifolia and jacobinensis are considered of little concern due to their range of occurrence and may be considered endangered. S. macrocarpa is now considered tobe of concern, according to IUCN criteria (2019), also presenting it as endangered
Efeitos das mudanças climáticas em plantas exóticas invasoras na caatinga
(2023-04-27) Moura, Jeferson Matheus Gomes de; Silva, Edgar Alberto do Espírito Santo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7405327016978544; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4692620746377544
O processo de invasão biológica é cada vez mais comum ao redor do globo e tem sido facilitado pelas ações antrópicas, representando uma ameaça à biodiversidade nativa. Os riscos associados a este panorama são potencializados em decorrência das mudanças climáticas, especialmente em regiões semiáridas e áridas, onde diminuições no regime de chuvas e aumento na aridez do solo são esperados. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a distribuição atual e futura de plantas exóticas invasoras lenhosas na região de Caatinga, com base em modelo climático e modelagem, frente às mudanças climáticas. Além disso, averiguar as variáveis bioclimáticas de maior influência para a distribuição potencial das espécies de plantas invasoras. Para isso, foram utilizados registros de presença das espécies-alvo: Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton (60), Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer (19), Nicotiana glauca Graham (79), Parkinsonia aculeata L. (90), Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC (147) e Ricinus communis L. (235), disponibilizados pelas plataformas speciesLink e Instituto Hórus, utilizando oito variáveis bioclimáticas e aplicando ao algoritmo MAXENT, o modelo climático utilizado foi o MIROC-ES2L. Ademais, considerou o intervalo de tempo para o modelo atual de 1970-2000, futuro de 2081-2100, este último com dois cenários: futuro otimista (SSP2-4.5) e pessimista (SSP5-8.5), em relação às emissões de CO2 e dos gases do efeito estufa (GEEs) e políticas ambientais. E os achados deste estudo mostram que as plantas invasoras diminuirão suas áreas de potencial distribuição em tempos futuros quando comparadas ao presente. As principais variáveis climáticas que contribuíram na distribuição das invasoras foram precipitação anual (BIO12); amplitude de temperatura anual (BIO7); precipitação do trimestre mais quente (BIO18); e precipitação do trimestre mais seco (BIO17). Portanto, o presente trabalho traz o alerta de como a vegetação lenhosa da Caatinga, tão importante para a população residente, irá se portar frente às mudanças climáticas.
Extração do óleo fixo do Syagrus cearensis Noblick e atividade inseticida sobre o Callosobruchus maculatus em feijão armazenado
(2019) Lemos, Cleide Maria de; Silva, Renato Augusto da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5111987334920733
The Cowpea bean, Vigna unguiculata, has an extraordinary role in feeding the population of the North and Northeast regions of the country. However, this crop is still harmed by the significant loss of production due to insect pest attack and poor product quality due to the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. In the present work the effect of the oil of the catolé Syagrus cearensis Noblick as natural defensive was studied on the carouscho Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea, both purchased in the city of São José do Belmonte, sertão of Pernambuco. The methodology can be reproduced in domestic environment since the oil of catolé is used in cooking and folk medicine and there are no reports of intoxication. For the bio-insecticidal tests only plastic containers, syringes and household scales, all of low cost and commercially available, were used. The concentration of 0.0 mg to 123.2 mg of the oil per 20g of beans were analyzed and as a result the Lethal Concentration (LC50) = 64.96 was estimated using the "trend line" option of the Excel 2010 program, Office, Microsoft. The good results presented here, where there was 100% mortality of C. maculatus with the dosages of (88.0 mg and 123.2 mg), revealing that the catolé oil is an economically viable bioinseticide and accessible for the handling of the caruncho on stored cowpea beans.
Fungos endofíticos em Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud. Leguminosae, no Semiárido pernambucano
(2019) Leite, Isnaelia Gonçalves; Costa, Cynthia Maria Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9859547718446795; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7234066240200376
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that are present in plants and can colonize inter or intracellular various organs, establishing a mutualist relationship with the host. They can be associated with different plant species, including medicinal ones, producing secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest such as antibiotics. Therefore, the objective of this work was to isolate and taxonomically identify the endophytic fungi present in leaves of Bauhinia cheilantha (cowpaw, mororó) collected in Pernambuco semiarid, as well as to evaluate compound with antimicrobial potential. After random leaf collection and disinfection, 140 fragments were removed to isolate the endophytes in 20 Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Agar medium. Of these, 10 plates were kept at room temperature and 10 were stored in a greenhouse at 30 ° C for five days. Subsequently, isolation peaks were performed in pure culture for seven days. Thirty isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, of which 17 were submitted to the antimicrobial activity test in Müeller Hinton agar solid medium against potentially pathogenic bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was observed under the tested conditions, however, five genera were identified: Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Colletotrichum sp., Nigrospora sp. and Drecheslera sp., which constitute the first report, so far, endophytic fungi present in B. cheilantha for Pernambuco semiarid.
Identificação operacional de áreas com potencial de regeneração e/ou recuperação vegetal nas mesorregiões Sertão e São Francisco pernambucano
(2023-07-17) Gouveia, José Rafael Ferreira de; Nascimento, Cristina Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9289129949520610; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5471553264542605
Fire has been used for many years in Brazil, serving for various purposes. However, if handled wrongly, it can cause fires with immense damage to the environment. The Sertão and São Francisco Pernambucano mesoregions are susceptible to the occurrence of fires, since the predominant biome is the Caatinga, semi-arid climate and low rainfall. This article aims to characterize and quantify hot spots and operationally identify fires in the mentioned mesoregions in the period from 2014 to 2020, in the driest months of the year, as well as the power of plant regeneration. The images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on board the TERRA platform, products MOD14A1, MOD09GQ, MOD13Q1 and MOD09Q1 were used in order to characterize the areas affected by hot spots, analyze the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and implement a script on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for the operational identification of areas with potential for plant regeneration. Results show an increasing behavior in the number of hot spots, with a reduction in the year 2020. The year 2019 had the highest number of regenerated areas, with 37. The script proved to be effective with minimum hits of 56%, being in mostly greater than 75%. In addition, the maximum errors were 25% of omission in October 2020 and 43.75% of commission in September 2016. In this sense, the techniques employed were able to detect the regions affected by the fires, as well as their potential for plant regeneration.
Influência da sazonalidade sob o acúmulo de osmorreguladores em Pavonia varians Moric, espécie endêmica da Caatinga
(2022-10-06) Barros, Yasmim Lopes de; Nunes, Larisse Bianca Soares Pereira; Silva, Cláudia Ulisses de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7161911278790052; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5742230717504216; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8411583457051354
The Caatinga is a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil, considered one of the most diverse semi-arid regions in the world, with a high number of endemic species and a high living population that is dependent on forest resources. Despite its importance, this region has been suffering major environmental impacts caused by human actions due to the exacerbated use of its resources. This makes it a vulnerable forest to the effects of climate change, resulting in even longer periods of drought and an increase in temperature that can result in reduced biodiversity and species abundance. In this scenario, plants make use of several mechanisms to avoid desiccation and one of them concerns the accumulation of osmoregulators. Through this knowledge, this work aims to evaluate the performance of osmoregulators in Pavonia varians, an endemic species of the Caatinga, during the dry and rainy season. For this, leaves of P. varians were collected in the field to determine the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, sucrose, proteins and proline in relation to the rainy and dry seasons. The data obtained were analyzed via ANOVA and the means compared by the Tukey test 5%. Our results show that the quantification of pigment, carbohydrate, protein and proline contents in the leaves did not vary between the dry and rainy seasons. In addition, we evidenced an accumulation of sucrose in the leaves during the dry period, suggesting its importance as an osmotic adjuster so that the species can remain with leaves during the dry period. Finally, the preference of P. varians for the greater accumulation of sucrose in the leaves as a function of the dry period can be considered an innate behavior of the species.
Inteligência artificial na classificação de uso e cobertura da terra no semiárido de Pernambuco
(2020-11-03) Almeida, Gabriela Costa de; Silva, Emanuel Araújo; Moreira, Giselle Lemos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6171199372079024; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2765651276275384
The Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest, known as Caatinga, is located in Brazil's northeastern region and has severe climatic characteristics, with dry weather and poorly distributed rainfall. Those climatic characteristics make Remote sensing analysis difficult due to its large vegetation differences between the dry and rainy periods. In order to help the remote sensing analysis in this biome, this work aims to test different Artificial Intelligence algorithms through supervised classification and to identify land use and land cover patterns in the city of Petrolina, in Pernambuco. Three algorithms were tested: Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks, and K-Nearest Neighbors using QGIS and RStudio software based on Landsat 8 images from the dry period. Twenty samples from the classes were selected: Water, Agriculture, Urban Area, Forest, and Exposed Soil, and these samples served as a basis for training the algorithms for the classification of images. Occupancy data and precision quality assessment were obtained using Mapping Accuracy and Kappa Index, respectively: 0.9878706 and 0.9653555 for Random Forest; 0.9199973 and 0.9454833 for Artificial Neural Networks, 0.9873741 and 0.9598640 for K-Nearest Neighbors, all being considered excellent. These values were higher than those found in the most commonly used algorithms, as in the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. It was observed that the use of artificial intelligence algorithms could generate better results in the classification of land use in semiarid regions.