Navegando por Assunto "Fertilidade do solo"

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Acompanhamento de lavoura demonstrativa de milho (Zea mays) do programa Prospera Nordeste em Pernambuco
(2023-09-15) Barbosa, Marcones Andrade da Silva; Mendonça, Ana Paula Medeiros dos Santos Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9147805649299722; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9463882608306573
The corn crop (Zea mays L.) is a plant that belongs to the grass family, or Poaceae, in which it is very sensitive to water deficiencies because it suffers conditions when it comes to climate change. The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of three hybrids, P3853PWU, P3707VYH and P3440, which are designed for the regional conditions of the northern forest zone of Pernambuco. The activities carried out included soil preparation, planting, foundation and top dressing fertilization, nutritional assessment, a survey of pests and diseases and invasive plants, so monitoring the demonstration field is extremely important to observe the development of the crop, as well as knowing how to overcome adversities in order to achieve a better quality product.
Avaliação da fertilidade do solo e acompanhamento de aplicação foliar nas áreas de fertirrigação por gotejamento na Japungu Agroindustrial
(2023-09-04) Nunes, Douglas Kauê Silva; Oliveira, Emídio Cantídio Almeida de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1078501992095596; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5565211850755355
This report aims to describe the activities experienced during the Mandatory Supervised Internship (ESO) period from July to August 2023. The ESO was carried out together with the Research and Extension Group in Plant Nutrition, Fertilization and Soil Fertility (GNAF) coordinated by Professor Dr. Emídio Cantídio Almeida de Oliveira. The data for writing the ESO report were obtained from Japungu Agroindustrial, located in Santa Rita – PB. The activities carried out consisted of evaluating soil fertility in areas cultivated and destined for planting sugarcane, based on chemical analyzes carried out in the last harvest, in order to understand the behavior of certain chemical attributes of the soil, namely: organic matter (M.O), soil acidity, macronutrients, soil sorbent complex and micronutrients. In addition, monitoring of foliar fertilization was also carried out, from nutrient quantity recommendations per hectare to field application. The activities carried out during the ESO period can provide me with an experience and a critical sense not yet obtained in graduation. With this, it was possible to understand how soil correction and foliar fertilization can help increase productivity.
Diversidade de invertebrados do solo em sistema agroflorestal e diferentes ambientes sucessionais em floresta ombrófila densa
(2024-02-16) Souza, João Matheus Ferreira de; Gonçalves, Maria da Penha Moreira; Almeida, Débora de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9795066247076929; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0539509819672370; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7784879810259175
Studies on soil fertility and soil fauna diversity in agroforestry systems are of fundamental importance to prove the efficiency of these sustainable production models associated with the recovery of degraded areas. This work aims to evaluate correlations between soil fauna diversity and soil fertility in an agroforestry system and areas of native forest at initial and intermediate stages of forest succession. The study was conducted in the campus area of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, located in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco. Three sites with different land use histories were used: an area at an intermediate stage of forest succession (A1), a 3-year-old agroforestry system (A2), and an area at an initial stage of forest succession (A3). Pitfall traps were used to capture the soil invertebrate community. The captured organisms were identified, classified into taxa, and subsequently sent for analysis. Soil collection covered the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers in each study area. The samples underwent chemical analysis. Data on soil meso- and macrofauna were used to calculate abundance, relative frequency, richness, Pielou's evenness indices, Shannon's diversity, and Simpson's diversity. Hill's true diversity components (qD) were estimated for each environment. Data analysis also included exploratory analysis with NMDS, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), Pearson correlation matrix, agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis (HAC), principal component analysis (PCA), and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). A total of 2,232 individuals distributed in 18 taxonomic groups were identified. Overall, regardless of land use, the most representative groups were Hymenoptera: Formicidae (37.46%), Acarina (21.10%), Collembola (15.86%), and Diptera (9.68%). Together, these groups represented 84% of the individuals collected in this study. The agroforestry area showed greater richness, the area of initial forest succession showed greater abundance in groups, and the area at an intermediate stage of succession showed greater diversity. Although the agroforestry area had greater richness, the estimated diversity was lower compared to the area of initial forest succession. Soil chemical analysis showed differences between the areas, influencing fauna distribution. Similarity in fauna composition was observed between the agroforestry area and the initial forest succession, highlighting the influence of soil chemical attributes on soil fauna. It is concluded that the study of soil fauna has the potential to be used as an indicator of soil quality, as it is sensitive to environmental interference.
Estoque de carbono e fertilidade de tecnossolos originados de rejeitos da mineração de scheelita no semiárido brasileiro
(2024-02-21) Nunes, Gustavo Vieira; Silva, Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0904824873761236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0011472973408477
Studying technosols is essential to understand their potential for agricultural production, reclaim degraded areas, and sequester carbon. In the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, the largest scheelite mine in South America is located, and waste from this activity has been accumulating since the 1940s, impacting environmental quality. Although technosols originating from mining waste are studied globally, information on the fertility and organic carbon stock of these soils is scarce in Brazil, especially in semi-arid regions. Therefore, this study aims to assess the carbon stock and fertility of technosols constructed 40 years ago from scheelite mining waste in the Brazilian semi-arid, with the purpose of evaluating their potential for agricultural use and carbon sequestration. Forty composite samples were collected from the surface horizons (0-30 cm) of technosols constructed from waste at the Brejuí Mine, located in the municipality of Currais Novos, in the semi-arid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The average soil density was 1.38 kg dm-3, potentially not negatively impacting the physico-hydraulic properties of the technosols. The average pH in water and KCl was 8.53 and 8.07, respectively, with a mean ΔpH of -0.47. The alkalinity in technosols, due to carbonates in tactites and marbles (materials forming the waste), may restrict plant growth by causing nutritional imbalances and micronutrient deficiencies. The average available concentrations of P (2.73 mg kg-1) and K (0.14 cmolc kg-1) are limitations for agricultural activity, requiring strategies to increase these nutrients to improve agricultural viability. The average organic carbon concentration in technosols was 24.11 g kg⁻¹, more than double the average observed in Caatinga soils, which is typically around 9.3 g kg⁻¹. The technosols derived from scheelite mining achieved carbon stocks of up to 222.93 Mg ha-1, surpassing Vertisols (60.08 Mg ha-1) by over three times and more than doubling the national average (99.39 Mg ha-1), highlighting their potential for carbon sequestration in the semi-arid region. This study, given the scarcity of information on technosols derived from mining in Brazilian semi-arid environments, contributes not only to the scientific community but also to policy-makers, emphasizing the importance of efficient mining waste management in the recovery of degraded areas, sustainable agricultural production, and carbon sequestration, crucial for mitigating climate change.
Manejo da fertilidade nos solos em áreas produtoras do feijoeiro em Pernambuco I. Adubação mineral com N. P e K em litossolo
(1978) Mafra, Rivaldo Chagas; Pereira, Jair Teixeira; Bandeira, Everaldo de Vasconcelos; Lima, Geraldo Robério de Araújo
Os resultados do primeiro ano de um experimento fatorial N, P e K do tipo 23 J componente de um estudo sobre o manejada fertilidade de um litossolo através da comparação entre os sistema " Rotação (Feijão x Mato)" e "Cultivo Contínuo", conduzido em Caruaru, na região do Agreste Central de Pernambuco, foram analisados em relação a contribuição de cada nutriente na produtividade da cultura e concentração do elemento na folha da planta. A adubação com 60 kg/ha de ureia, em cobertura, aumentou a produtividade da cultura e o teor de nitrogênio na folha. Por outro lado, aplicação de cloreto de potássio (60 kg/ha), em fundação, provocou um efeito depressivo sobre a produtividade, possivelmente pela interferência do cloro na absorção pela planta de nitrogênio e fósforo. A elevação do teor de cálcio na folha nos tratamentos com superfosfato triplo e naqueles que receberam potássio, não elevou a produtividade, reduziu a relação K/Ca e esteve quase sempre associada a um menor teor de nitrogênio na folha.
Manutenção de projeto de irrigação e análises de fertilidade do solo: relatório de estágio supervisionado obrigatório
(2019) Lima, Robson Hortencio de; Oliveira, Emídio Cantídio Almeida de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1078501992095596; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4616344961770873
Pó de rocha de mineração de scheelita como remineralizador de solo: potencialidades e limitações
(2024-12-20) Brazil, Camila Victória da Silva; Silva, Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da; Freitas, Ana Beatriz Torre Melo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9242623308268377; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0904824873761236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4576908790448520
O Brasil é uma das maiores potências agrícolas mundiais, mas enfrenta desafios devido à dependência de fertilizantes convencionais e seus impactos ambientais. Nesse contexto, a rochagem, técnica que utiliza pó de rocha como remineralizador de solos, surge como alternativa sustentável para a agricultura. Este estudo avaliou o potencial do rejeito de mineração de scheelita como remineralizador de solos, conforme os critérios estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), nas Instruções Normativas nº 5 e 6 de 2016. O estudo foi realizado no município de Currais Novos, na Zona Semiárida do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram coletadas as rochas encaixantes (gnaisse e mármore) e a hospedeira (scheelita) para análises petrográficas e seis amostras de rejeito de mineração de scheelita para caracterizações mineralógicas, físicas e químicas do pó de rocha. A análise granulométrica, utilizada para determinar a natureza física do material (filler, pó ou farelado), foi realizada com peneiras de malhas variando entre 2 mm e 0,053 mm. A petrografia das rochas foi realizada com o uso de um microscópio petrográfico, enquanto a identificação da composição mineralógica dos rejeitos foi feita por difratometria de raios X (DRX). Os elementos maiores, expressos na forma de óxidos, foram determinados por meio de um espectrômetro de fluorescência de raios X (FRX). As análises de macronutrientes e demais caracterizações dos rejeitos foram realizadas conforme os procedimentos descritos no Manual de Métodos de Análise de Solo da Embrapa. Os resultados demonstraram que o material apresenta elevada concentração de minerais como biotita, plagioclásio, apatita, actinolita e feldspatos, que atuam como fontes de nutrientes, além de granulometria adequada para liberação gradual de elementos essenciais no solo. Quimicamente, o pó de rocha atendeu a dois dos três pré-requisitos legais, apresentando 41,99% de soma de bases (CaO + MgO + K₂O), 1% de K₂O e 24% de SiO₂ livre. Contudo, o teor de arsênio (As = 70,31 mg kg⁻¹) ultrapassou quase quatro vezes os limites permitidos pela legislação, inviabilizando sua classificação imediata como remineralizador. Diante do potencial agronômico identificado e dos desafios associados à presença de elementos potencialmente tóxicos, recomenda-se a continuidade dos estudos, com foco no uso de plantas fitorremediadoras para mitigar os teores de As, garantindo segurança ambiental e viabilidade comercial. O aproveitamento do rejeito de scheelita pode representar uma solução para a destinação adequada desses resíduos, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade agrícola e para o fortalecimento da segurança alimentar no Brasil.
Relatório de Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório (ESO)
(2023-04-28) Nogueira, Daniel Santos; Oliveira, Emídio Cantídio Almeida de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1078501992095596
This report aims to describe the activities experienced during the supervised internship period (ESO) from March to April 2023. The ESO was carried out together with the research group on nutrition, fertilization and soil fertility coordinated by Professor Emídio Cantídio Almeida from Oliveira. The data for carrying out ESO activities were obtained at the narrow farming farm, located in Baía Formosa – RN. During the internship period, the following were carried out: (I) soil samples were collected with the objective of evaluating the fertility of the areas destined for the planting of sugarcane in lots of seed cane and ratoon cane at the Estreito Agricultural Farm. (II) recommendations for fertilization and use of agricultural correctives, (III) survey of pests and diseases in subsurface dripping lots in sugarcane and (IV) assembly of fertility maps. The activities of soil sampling and recommendation of fertilizers and correctives were for the total area of the farm, in the ratoon cane area. The developed activities were of fundamental importance for the understanding of the processes of cultural treatments. The ESO provided the practical experience of field activities aimed at supervising and coordinating the agronomist. Therefore, it was possible to understand the needs of each area regarding fertility management and how to position agricultural practices to increase the productivity of the farm lots.
Relatório do Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório - Avaliação de pós de rocha quanto à dissolução e liberação de nutrientes in vitro
(2024-08-02) Esteves, Elayni Araújo; Santos, Jean Cheyson Barros dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698373233632800; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8445926682047407
In recent years, the challenges of climate change and soil degradation, aggravated by intensive agriculture, have driven the search for sustainable practices. The use of rock powders as fertilizers presents itself as a promising alternative, due to the slow release of nutrients, reducing losses due to leaching and pollution. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the solubility of basalt rock powders (PR-01) and actinolite-talc schist (AP-C1) in organic acid solutions (acetic, citric, lactic, malic and oxalic) and in distilled water. Chemical and mineralogical characterization was performed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Additionally, samples of the rocks originating from the two powders were impregnated with resin and made on thin slides for petrographic descriptions by optical microscopy. The dissolution experiments quantified pH, electrical conductivity and sodium and potassium contents in the extracted solutions. The results indicated that citric acid was the most efficient in potassium extraction in the PR-01 sample, while acetic acid stood out in the AP-C1 sample. The total chemical analysis by ICP-AES revealed that the AP-C1 sample exceeded the allowed limit for lead (200 ppm), stipulated by Normative Instruction No. 5/2016 of MAPA, making it unsuitable for use as a remineralizer. On the other hand, basalt rock dust has shown great potential as a remineralizer, due to the slow and continuous release of nutrients, minimizing losses and favoring sustainability. Future studies should evaluate the dynamics of other elements in vitro and in vivo, as well as agronomic efficiency in the field, contributing to the development of low-carbon and decarbonization technologies.
Teores foliares de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio de espécies florestais tratadas com biocarvão e adubos orgânicos no semiárido pernambucano
(2018) Carvalho, Isadora Barros Moura de; Silva, José Antônio Aleixo da; Freire, Fernando José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8371992516325399; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5674098794412714; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1883959486411942
The objective of this work was to analyze N, P and K contents in the leaf material of an angico and eucalyptus' plantation submitted to different sources of fertilization. In order to do that, twenty five leaves of the trees crowns’s middle third were collected from the plot’s useful area. The collected material was packed in paper bags and taken into a forced ventilation oven at 65 ± 5º C until constant weight was obtained; posterior to that, the material was ground in a Wiley mill, passed through 1.0 mm steel screen and stored for analysis of N, P, K content. The angico was the species that presented the highest concentration of nutrients. Regarding the phosphorus, the fertilization treatment with fish farming residue presented higher levels in the angico, while for the eucalyptus higher levels were observed in the fertilization treatment with lake sediment. Regarding potassium the most expressive values were found in the fertilization treatments with fish farming residue and lake sediments for both species, which did not statistically differ from the control. However, significant differences were observed between the biochar and the other treatments for the eucalyptus. The highest levels of nitrogen were observed in the Angico and there was no significant difference among the treatments. Although the soil was rich in nutrients, it was observed that the sources of fertilization and managed species type interfered in the contents of some elements. The presence of nutrients in the soil is not a guarantee of assimilation by the plants, since many factors can influence the absorption of nutrients by the vegetable. It was concluded that fish farming residue and lake sediments, because of good concentrations of N and P, are alternatives to be used as fertilizers in planted forests.