Navegando por Assunto "Serapilheira"

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Decomposição da serapilheira em áreas de gramíneas na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
(2023-04-26) Barbosa, Renata Vitória do Nascimento; Freitas, Eliane Cristina Sampaio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7525975084334972
The litter is responsible for numerous functions for the balance and dynamics of ecosystems, and may promote the improvement of edaphic characteristics. Its decomposition rate can act as a bioindicator of soil quality, however, it is necessary to standardize the methodologies for obtaining it. The objective of this work was to obtain and compare litter decomposition rates obtained by litter bag and tea bag methods in two areas with grasses at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife - PE (Viveiro Florestal and Ceagri II). The following were randomly installed in each study area: 24 litter bags, 10 tea bags containing green tea, 10 tea bags containing rooibos tea and 10 tea bags containing senna tea. Exponential models were adjusted to obtain the rate of decomposition and the half-life estimated for the litter bag and tea bag methods, and the mass loss of rooibos tea and senna tea was compared. The decomposition rates by the litter bag and tea bag method were higher for the UFRPE Forest Nursery area when compared to CEAGRI II, an area with higher humidity, pH and soil density. The decomposition rate by the tea bag method was different from that obtained by the litter bag method. Senna tea has a loss of mass over time similar to rooibos tea, so the possibility of its use in place of rooibos tea, used in the tea bag methodology, but difficult to find in the Brazilian market, cannot be ruled out. The use of a standardized tea bag method, even if potential, requires further studies, considering the differences in environmental conditions and composition of teas, which influence the hydrolyzable fraction and, consequently, litter decomposition.
Distribuição espacial da fauna edáfica em topossequência sobre um remanescente de floresta ombrófila densa em Pernambuco
(2024-09-27) Santana, Augusto Guilherme Caldas de; Lima, Tarcísio Viana de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814281560377954
Soil is considered a fundamental component as it induces the dynamic processes that shape the growth and development of the biological heritage of different terrestrial ecosystems. This biotic structure is represented by plants, animals, microorganisms, and soil fauna. In the specific case of soil fauna, there is significant morphological and functional diversity among these organisms, which are classified according to their respective sizes or body diameters and the ecological roles they play in the soil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to diagnose and evaluate the spatial distribution of soil fauna over a remnant of Dense Ombrophilous Forest, according to its toposequential exposure. The studies were conducted at Dois Irmãos State Park (Pedi), Recife-PE, at two moments: the rainy season (August) and the dry season (January). To carry out the activities, the vegetational cover was divided into three thirds (lower, middle, and upper), where simple samples of leaf litter and soil were collected to a depth of 5 cm. These materials were sent to the Forest Defense Laboratory at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) for manual sorting, initially of the macrofauna and then of the mesofauna, using Berlese-Tüllgren funnels to evaluate ecological structural characteristics. For data analysis, the ecological indices of Shannon-Weaver, Pielou, and Simpson were applied, with results showing a higher abundance of individuals in the lower third and in the leaf litter layer during the rainy season, with a predominance of the order Hymenoptera, but greater species richness in the upper third, indicating higher diversity in the leaf litter of this section. The dry season had more individuals than the rainy season, suggesting that the action of rain influences density in the different thirds of the toposequence, with greater accumulation in the lower third due to its lower altitude. The ecological indices indicated that the highest diversity is concentrated in the leaf litter of the upper third, as observed in the rainy season. Microclimatic data showed higher temperatures in the upper third, providing further support for the greater diversity present there. Hymenoptera was the taxonomic group with the highest presence in both periods, followed by Blattodea, Araneae, Chilopoda, and Coleoptera. The cluster analysis demonstrated that the dry season had greater similarity among the thirds, considering leaf litter and soil, than the rainy season.
Restauração florestal de ambientes degradados do bioma Caatinga por meio de banco de sementes do solo
(2018) Saraiva, Maria Monique Tavares; Silva, Luzia Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6320449537171549; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7157708100841122
This study analyzed the occurrence of restoration in two areas of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra TalhadaAcademic Unit(UFRPE/UAST) with seed Bank of the State Park Mata da Pimenteira(PEMP) by means of Nucleadoras techniques and evaluated its potential when subjected to Controlled conditions. The work is organized in two chapters. The first refers to a study developed in the field in two degraded areas of UFRPE/UAST and were evaluated the seed banks of burlap and soil and burlap of two environments of the French, in the years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, respectively. In the first year, twenty samples of burlap were collected at a depth of 5 cm and area of 1m ², constituted ten in each area of natural environment (Serra Branca and Pimenteira) of the French and transplanted to ten parcels in two areas. In the second year, five samples of more burlap soil were collected in a 10 cm layer, distributed to ten experimental units in each degraded area. The design used in both experiments was in random blocks, in the 2 x 2 factorial model with two seed bank environments and two degraded areas with five repetitions each. They were obtained in the experiment of the burlap 49 individuals, distributed in 12 families and 25 species and, in the soil and burlap experiment, 144 individuals distributed in 37 species and 18 families, with nine species in common. There was predominance of herbaceous and greater floristic diversity in the material coming from the area of natural environment two, of the park. The second chapter consisted in the evaluation of the seed bank contained in four points of the PEMP, two in each area of natural environment (Serra Branca and Pimenteira), subjected to irrigation and conditioning in two different environments of luminosity (shading and Full sun), it was also carried out tests to distinguish the soils of the studied points, by means of tests of infiltration and determination of the density and porosity. It was verified 114 individuals distributed in 31 species and 21 botanical families, with an emergency prevalence in the portions of the material from the natural environment Zone two and under shading conditions. It was concluded that the more soiled burlap transposition presents greater viability in ecological restoration, with better results when associated with soil conservation management techniques; And under controlled conditions the seed bank of the point near the water course in the Pimenteirapresented better potential restorative, optimized by shading of 70%.