Navegando por Assunto "Solos - Análise"

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Alterações e Reclassificação de Solos do Sertão Pernambucano
(2019) Nunes, Juvêncio Henrique Lima; Freitas, Diana Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4680121486632993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1780003962422107
Soils are the result of the action of factors and processes that operate at different intensities and cause various changes in their characteristics, so a systematic study of these changes is important to understand soil genesis. Soil surveys are an inventory of their characteristics, as well as their geographic distribution within the area and their taxonomic classification. In the Sertão of Pernambuco, the basic studies of soils, carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture(MA), began in 1957. This survey aimed at identifying and studying the soils existing in the State, however new nomenclatures for Brazilian soils were adopted and published by Embrapa through the edition of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS), the last version of which was published in 2018, so the objective of this research was to identify alterations and to reclassify soils located in the backlands of Pernambuco described in the Exploratory Survey -State Soil Reconnaissance of Pernambuco, using the updated Brazilian Soil Classification System. Three profiles described in the above survey were selected for analysis. A comparison of the information described in the survey with those obtained in the field was carried out, as well as an evaluation of the relationship between the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils surveyed with the source materials of these soils (rocks) collected in the field together with the samples of ground. For the physical (granulometry) and chemical analysis of the soils, the Embrapa methodologies were adopted and in parallel the minimololites were made with the soils studied. It was verified that the small changes are due to the variation of the original material, to the handling, the relief and the location of the final profiles not to be exactly the same as the initial profiles. In spite of the variation, the three final soils met the prerequisites to remain in the same Order of the initial soils, classified as NEOSSOLO QUARTZARENICO, LUVISSOLO and LATOSOLO.
Análise do uso e ocupação do solo e seus impactos no Município de Alagoinha - PE
(2018) Silva, Jéssica Bruna Alves da; Duarte, Simone Mirtes Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5876968040869585; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2314483831159897
Geotechmoçogies and remote sensing help in the evaluation and monitoring of natural resources, in an effective and economical way, allowing the identification of the possible causes and consequences of the environment in the area interest. In this way, the present work aimed to evaluate the dynamicsof land use and occupation and its impacts in the city of Alagoinha - PE using geotechnology. All the geoprocessing was carried out in the free software SPRING 5.5.3, in which the numerical model of the terrain was performed using SRTM data, which enabled the characterization of the relief through the hypsometric and slope analysis.Trough the satelite images Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 8 OLI of the years 2002 and 2017, the Adjusted Multispectral Composition, the calculation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, the classification of the use and occupation of the soil of the municipality and its anthropism, as well as the social imapcts of such use and occupation. It was observed that the largest area of the municipality (27,71%) is at altitude between 710-760m and the slope varies between 0 - 5° in 61.78% of the area, characterizing the relief with bein flat / smooth wavy. Regarding the results of the digital image processing, it was identified that all the established classes presented variations, and the classes that more attracted attention were the class of Dense Vegetation, that presented an increase of 16,04 km² (7.74%) of the area, and the Soil Exposed classe, which presented a decrease of 8.06 km² (3.87%). In the analysis of the social impacts, it was possible to establish a relationship with the assistance programs, in the Federal, State and Municipal spheres, with the increase of the vegetal cover, water mirrors and the reduction of the soil exposure, also noting that it was not environmental education and recognition of the importance of natural resources in the quality of life of the population.
Análise temporal do uso e ocupação do solo da Bacia do Médio Jaguaribe - CE
(2018) Castro, José Artur Borges de; Duarte, Simone Mirtes Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5876968040869585
The hydrographic region of the Middle Jaguaribe is an area of vital importance to the state of Ceará, benefiting the whole region around it with fish farming, irrigation, water transposition and, as a consequence of the dam, regulates the flow of the Jaguaribe River. Its construction began in 1995 and concluded in 2003. In recent years, there has been a reduction in precipitation, which means that reservoirs are not recharged, reducing local economic dynamics. Following this reasoning, the objective of this work is to make a temporal analysis of the use and occupation of the soil of the Jaguaribe mid basin during a period of nine years, between 2006 and 2015, using LANDSAT 5 ETM satellite images in the year 2006 and LANDSAT 8 OLI for 2015, provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the images used in the process were recorded during the dry period of the region, and using GIS applications it is possible to quantify the exposed soil, vegetation, agricultural activities and urban areas , and estimating morphometric variables. The results show a visible reduction of vegetation and soil growth, caused by the reduction of the levels of the small reservoirs and by anthropic activities, and the morphometric results indicate that the basin is not conducive to flooding.
Atributos físicos e químicos do solo cultivado com braquiária para implantação de plantio direto em São João - PE
(2019-07-18) Silva, Vanilson Pedro da; Lima, José Romualdo de Sousa; Rocha, Alexandre Tavares da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4960111047922130; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3010818143250408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4357896850368970
The Regolithic Neosols have predominance in the Agreste region of the municipality of São João, PE. The main crops of the region are beans and cassava, planted in the conventional planting system. The maize consortium with Brachiaria decumbens has shown promise in this region, but there are few studies on the use of this consortium for the formation of straw for implantation of the no-tillage system. The objective of this work was to determine the chemical and physical attributes of a typical Eutrophic Regolithic Neosol, of sandy texture, under plants and straw of B. decumbens Stapf. in the municipality of São João - PE, evaluating its influence as a cover plant on the quality of sandy soil. The treatments consisted of a single plantation system and a consortium of corn and millet with B. decumbens, distributed in randomized blocks in a 2x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The planting was carried out in May 2017, remaining fallow after harvest for 18 months. The physical and chemical attributes were evaluated in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers, as well as the existing dry biomass. The dry biomass results obtained in the treatments with Brachiaria ranged from 10.37 to 13.06 Mg ha-1, being adequate for the implantation of the no-tillage system in the region.The treatments consorted with B. decumbens showed higher levels of total organic carbon and calcium. The treatments consorted with B. decumbens showed a trend of lower soil density, with higher total porosity and greater available water capacity. Considering the conditions of this work, intercropped corn crops are more productive and sustainable than traditional crop cultivation.
Avaliação da qualidade física do solo de uma área de produção de cana-de-açúcar
(2016) Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Santos de; Dantas, Mara Suyane Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9205576230995806; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2830483304132818
Avaliação de métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência para a região do vale do São Francisco
(2019) Silva, Maiara Tatiane Lima; Souza, Luciana Sandra Bastos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1186468548787818; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8455026363821368
Information related to reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is very important for irrigation management, especially in regions dependent on agriculture. To determine it several methods can be used, among which are the alternative methods, which are used of few data. This work hypothesized that new models for estimating evapotranspiration and those developed locally better represent ET0 of the Submedio São Francisco. In order to investigate the adequacy of historical and contemporary models for the estimation of ET0 and to develop a new method for its estimation in the region of the Vale do São Francisco. The work was carried out in Juazeiro, Ba, using data referring to a meteorological station belonging to EMBRAPA Semiarid, using data of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and global solar radiation, for the year 2017 and 2018, and for validation of the poposed odel, data from 2016. The data were used in the determination of evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteith methods and the alternative ones, subdivided into two groups: historical,those developed before theyear 2000with the methods of Hargreaves-Samani, Camargo, Jensen-Haise, Makkink, Solar radiation FAO 24 and Benevides-Lopes, and contemporary, developed afterthe year 2000, with Irmak, Castaneda-Rao, Moretti-Jerszurki-Silva, Silva-Souza, additionally, the information was used in the development of a simple model for ET0 estimation. This information was compared using the indices for which Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), coefficient of determination (r²) and Willmont's concordance index were considered. Based on these results, it was possible to observe that contemporary methods, with the exception of Moretti-Jerszurki-Silva, tended to reduce errors in the estimation of reference evapotranspiration.The most appropriate method to estimate ET0 was the FAO-24 Solar Radiation. The alternative model obtained in the present work was based only on temperature and humidity data and was classified as very good.
Avaliação de milho (Zea mays) e feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) em solo (neossolo litólico) contaminado com Al(III) através de análise morfológica e espectrofotométrica
(2019) Silva, Maria Caroline Pereira da; Lima, Marcelo Batista de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2424699316257149; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844991714013250
Aluminum in its ionic form, Al (III), presents itself as a problem for the development of plant cultures and has been pointed as a potential factor for the emergence of neurodegenerative and bone diseases in humans. In this work we evaluated the influence of different Al (III) concentrations on soil samples (eutrophic cambisol) and corn (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) crops. This evaluation was made by the morphological and spectrophotometric analysis of the plants and by the analyzes by the titulometric and spectrophotometric method for the soil. Thus, a planting was performed for 21 days. The seed containers, three corn or three bean, were arranged in eight blocks, each block containing all soil samples treated with different Al (III) concentrations. After the germination and growth period, the crops and soil were analyzed. The main symptoms of morphological alteration observed in the plants were chlorosis, leaf curling and reduction in the root system and size. The spectrophotometric analysis of the plants resulted in Al (III) concentrations between 167.58-181.26 mg L-1. The analyzes performed on soil samples for Al (III) concentration by both methods presented different values. The titration method showed variations between 16.19-59.36 mg L-1 of Al (III), while in the spectrophotometric the values obtained were between 168.24-230.77 mg L-1 of Al (III).
O balanço hídrico em solos bruno não cálcio vértico
(1986) Albuquerque Neto, Antônio Faustino Cavalcanti de
Em duas parcelas, com solos Bruno não Cálcico Vértico, medindo 3,5 x 11,0 metros permanecendo uma delas com a vegetação nativa enquanto a outra foi totalmente limpa, foram submetidas à chuvas artificiais através de um simulador de braços rotativos com o objetivo de desenvolver o balanço hídrico. Foram observadas as lâminas precipitadas e escoadas e determinada a umidade do solo; a superficial através do método gravimétrico e as profundas por intermédio de uma sor.da de nêutrons. Os resultados podem oferecer uma contribuição para os que lidam com a questão relativa ao planejamento do uso do solo
Características de uma sequência de solos na planície aluvial do Rio Brigida em Parnamirim
(1994) Ribeiro, Mateus Rosas; Souza, Eurides Alves de; Ferreira, Maria da Graça de Vasconcelos Xavier
Os solos da planície aluvial do rio Brigida na Estação Experimental de Parnamirim foram estudados ao longo de um caminhamento, com o objetivo de caracterizar suas propriedades físicas, químicas e mineralógicas, e entender os seus padrões de distribuição. A planície apresenta solos aluviais de textura média a argilosa e vertissolos, quase com teores de silte maiores que os de argila. Apesar do arrajamento complexo dos solos dentro das várzeas observou-se uma tendência geral da margem do rio para a encosta, principalmente com relação ao aumento dos teores de silte, argila e, consequentemente, dos cátions trocáveis e, CTC. Regra geral os solos não apresentam problemas de salinidade natural e são quimicamente bastante férties. As principais limitações são de natureza física, em consequência dos altos teores de silte dos solos.
Caracterização e classificação de solos utilizados para pequena irrigação nas micro-regiões de Salgueiro e Alto Pajeu, no Estado de Pernambuco
(1994) Ribeiro, Mateus Rosas; Souza, Eurides Alves de
Perfis representativos de áreas experimentais e de módulos do subprograma GAT foram caracterizados, classificados e avaliados em função de suas limitações para utilização agrícola. As classes de solos mais frequentes foram: Bruno não cálcico textura média/argilosa, Planossolo Solódico textura média/argilosa, Cambissolo Eutrófico textura média e argilosa, Solo Aluvial Ta Eutrófico textura média e argilosa, e solo Litólico Eutrófico textura média. Os solos aluviais foram os que apresentaram melhor aptidão para agricultura irrigada, tendo apenas pequenas restrições de natureza física, devido aos altos teores de silte ou d presença de caráter solódico. Não foi observada nestes solos, ocorrência de salinidade natural, nem presença de lençol freático próximo a superfície. Os solos Brunos não Cálcicos apresentaram potencialidade para pequena irrigação, tendo como limitações principais a suscetibilidade a erosão, pequena profundidade e pedregosidade. Foi observado que a natureza da rocha matriz destes solos, consolidada (R) ou semi-intemperizada (Cr) é importante na utilização dos mesmos, influindo na profundidade de percolação da água. Os Cambissolos têm limitações semelhantes aos Brunos não Cálcicos e estão restritos aos sopés de maciços e serras no município de Serra Talhada. Os demais solos, embora estejam sendo utilizados com irrigação, são mais apropriados para reflorestamento ou pastagens.
Condicionadores do solo como potencializadores do crescimento de forrageiras na agricultura biossalina
(2019) Leal, Larissa de Sá Gomes; Pessoa, Luiz Guilherme Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1540664578909440; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8541410734100163
The secondary salinization, resulting from inadequate soil management practices has grown substantially in recent yearsamong soil degradation processes in Brazilian semiarid region. Its evolution, without intervention, tends to make agricultural production unviable, followed by desertification and abandonment of salinized areas. In view of its social, environmental and economic impacts, it is necessary to develop remediation techniques for such degraded soils. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the performance of three forage species adapted to the semiarid and the potential of mixing soil conditioners, as a strategy for the use of degraded areas by salts. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 3x4 factorial arrangement and four replications, the first factor was the forage species and the second one were the soil conditioners mixture. For this, a Cambisol was used, classified as a saline-sodic soil. The soilsamplewas collected in the upper layer (0-20 cm), sieved and standardized, for assembly of the experiment and for chemical characterization. Then, it was packed in polyethylene vessels with 14 kg of soil, where they received the mixtures of soil conditioners: T1: control (without soil conditioner), T2: gypsum + organic matter, T3: elemental sulfur + organic matter, T4: gypsum + organic matter + elemental sulfur. One month after soil conditioners application, seedlings of sorghum, gliricidia and atriplex were transplanted. Irrigation was performed on alternate days, with an irrigation level equivalent to 40% of field capacity. The applied gypsum rate was 16.9 t ha-1, the sulfur was 3.97 tha-1and the organic matter was 30 t ha-1. At 60 days after transplanting the seedlings were collected and fractionated in roots, stems and leaves to obtain their fresh, dry and total weights; allocation of biomass, sodium, chloride and potassium in plant compartments; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, pH, sodium and potassium content, and exchangeable sodium percentage in the soil after the experiment. Also the sodium absorption efficiency and transferwere determined. For the conditions of studied salinity, Atriplex is the most suitable for forage production and recovery of this soil. The conditioners did not influence the biomass production of the plants, however, their use associated to the halophyte cultivation contributed to the improvement of the chemical attributes of soil, promoting a greater reduction of the EC, ESP, and sodium, chlorine and potassium contentsof the soil, compared to the crop in their absence. The combination of gypsum + organic matter allowed greater accumulation of sodium, potassium and chlorine in the leaves, as well as a greaterreduction of EC and ESP. Therefore, for the production of forage and remediation of the area whose soil was collected for this research, it is recommended the use of Atriplex nummulariaassociated to the application of gypsum + organic matter to accelerate the remediation process.
Ecologia da microfauna do solo Araucarial
(1979) Lima, Vilma de Oliveira Almeida; Jakobi, Hans
São dadas a conhecer algumas informações sobre a abundância da população da microfauna do solo Araucarial no "Capão da Imbuia", Curitiba, Paraná. As coletas foram realizadas duas vezes ao mês, em quadrados de 10m, durante o período de abril a dezembro de 1972, tendo os resultados obtidos mostrado uma predominância da classe Insecta.
Estudo de compactação e cisalhamento de solos coesos em tabuleiro costeiro: experimentação e modelagem
(2019) Melo, Camila Gomes Bezerra de; Rolim, Mário Rolim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1996730931772855; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0695767954077992
A infiltração de base e a espessura da camada saturada
(1986) Albuquerque Neto, Antônio Faustino Cavalcanti de
Um procedimento prático de campo foi desenvolvido para que em solos estratificados, a capacidade de infiltração se manterá constante na medida em que a camada mais impermeável do perfil ficar saturada. Foram realizados simultaneamente testes de infiltração com infiltrômetro de duplo cilindro com carga constante e medidas de umidade das diversas camadas do solo com sonda de nêutrons.
A infiltração de base obtida com o simulador de chuva e o infiltrômetro de carga constante
(1986) Albuquerque Neto, Antônio Faustino Cavalcanti de
AIém de mostrar que existe diferença no valor da capacidade de infiltração de base obtida com o infiltrômetro de carga constante e com simulador de chuva, este trabalho evidencia a relação entre a umidade da capa superficial do solo e a capacidade de infiltração quando são usados os dois procedimentos. O simulador de chuva utilizado 6 do tipo Swanson de braços rotativos e o infiltrômetro é o de duplo cilindro com carga constante igual a 30 milímetros. Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade de infiltração de base obtida com o infiltrômetro 6 cerca de 20 vezes a determinada com o simulador, sendo que esta depende exclusivamente da umidade superficial. A capacidade de infiltração inicial extraída de ensaios com infiltrômetro de carga constante também v'aria com a umidade superficial, todavia a capacidade de infiltração de base independe- de totalmente desta, sendo regido por outros fatores.
A influência da umidade do solo sobre o escoamento superficial em solos bruno não cálcico vértico
(1992) Albuquerque Neto, Antônio Faustino Cavalcanti de
Uma análise sobre a influência da umidade do solo sobre o escoamento superficial, permitiu constatar que em solos bruno não cálcico vértico, submetidos ao clima Semi-Árido, a umidade das camadas, que não seja a superficial, não tem nenhuma influência sobre o escoamento. Foi utilizado o método gravimétrico para medidas de umidade na superfície e com o auxílio da sonda de nêutron determinou-se as umidades das camadas inferiores.
Monitoramento físico-químico e ambiental dos solos do Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape, Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
(2019-05-22) Silva, Rodrigo Atanasio; Moraes, Alex Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0440163845324480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9853341999557777
The present work refers to the study of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils located in the areas of the Industrial and Port complex of Suape. They were obtained by carrying out a collection in 11 points spread within an area of 450 m², uniformly determined, to have a greater and better representation of the study area. The analyzes made in the laboratory served to determine the granulometry, consistency limits, color and main elements present in the different types of soils. The results obtained show a grouping of two large groups S8, S9, S3, S4, S2, S5 and S7, S11, S10, S6, S1 the first group presents soils with darker colors that are linked with the high amount of clay and the high value of IP. The second group has lighter colors and low amounts of clay, consequently, low IP values.
Potencialidade de terras para irrigação do Território Indígena Potiguara para a cultura do milho
(2024-02-27) Passos, Wesley Gois; Santos, Jean Cheyson Barros dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698373233632800; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4925768451235270
The present report on the Mandatory Supervised Internship (MSI), developed under the supervision of the Embrapa Soils researcher, Dr. José Coelho de Araújo Filho, analyzes the potential for irrigation of lands within the Potiguara indigenous territory, specifically for corn cultivation. The studied territory is located on the northern coast of Paraíba, covering approximately 21.2 thousand hectares and is recognized as traditional land of the Potiguara indigenous people. The area comprises various soil classes, predominantly Argisols, Spodosols, Gleysols, Neosols, as well as areas with mangrove soils. Overall, the lands demonstrate a medium irrigation potential for corn production, with the main limiting parameters being the textural class (V), the percentage of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ (Y), the basic infiltration rate (I), and the depth of the reduction zone (W). The collected data showed corn cultivation as a viable option for agricultural activity in about 70.67% of the soils within the Potiguara territory. Thus, highlighting the importance of the results obtained in this study, as they can be used to contribute to more informed choices regarding sustainable and efficient soil management, as well as the increased productivity and sustainable growth of the people in this territory. Finally, a cartographic map was created for a better representation of the area and the results of classes and potentials obtained in the study.
Rendimento da cana-de-açúcar e propriedades dos solos da zona úmida costeira do Nordeste
(1992) Ribeiro, Mateus Rosas; Halstead, Edward H.; Jong, E. de
Correlações entre a produção de Cana-de-açúcar e características dos solos da Zona Úmida Costeira do Nordeste foram investigadas em áreas experimentais do Programa Nacional de Melhoramento da Cana-de-Açúcar (PLANALSUCAR) com o objetivo de identificar as propriedades determinantes da fertilidade natural e os níveis que devem ser considerados para o estabelecimento dos graus de limitações quanto a esta condição agrícola. Solos representativos das áreas foram coletados, analisados e juntamente com dados de produtividade, submetidos a uma análise de regressão múltipla. A capa cidade de troca de cátions (CTC) do horizonte B, o fósforo assimilável do horizonte A, e a percentagem de saturação por alumínio do horizonte B apresentaram correlações significativas com o rendimento da cana-de-açúcar, sendo consideradas as características mais importantes na avaliação das limitações por deficiência de fertilidade natural para a produção da cana-de-açúcar na região.
Suscetibilidade à erosão laminar (PNE) em Machados - PE
(2018) Falcão, Cassiano José Lages Marinho; Duarte, Simone Mirtes Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5876968040869585; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5445952042358738
This paper aimed to estimate laminar erosion susceptibility in Machados County – PE, achieved using the adapted Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and SIG for computing and analyzing data. The methodology used can be split in five steps: collection and integration of rainfall data on a thirty-year interval, local topography analysis using geoprocessing tools, laboratory analysis and posterior geolocation of local soils physical parameters and the final computation through the adapted USLE formulae. The achieved results allowed surmising that the County’s soil loss susceptibility is low, but significant, with a mean value reaching 368t/ha.year. The biggest influential factor was the topographic factor, averaging (…). Soil erodibility was considerably high, with a mean value of (…) and rain Erosivity, found to be (…) had the lowest impact on soil erosion. It is also possible to perceive a considerable spatial variation from the results, despite the reduced area of study, endorsing geotecnology use on its determination.